Is there a source that describes all the elements of the kinetic chain on the serve?
I think I have identified the end parts of the chain as:
Internal Shoulder Rotation --> Forearm Roll/Pronation --> Wrist Snap
I would not see
"Internal Shoulder Rotation --> Forearm Roll/Pronation --> Wrist Snap" as a
sequence of one leading to another - IRS is there throughout. I have trouble seeing pronation in high speed videos. ISR is obvious. Look at videos and identify what you mean by 'wrist snap'. Where is the 'wrist snap'?
https://vimeo.com/65434652
Speculation - I believe that IRS rotates the arm causing the wrist to move as the arm-racket angle changes and the racket spirals up to impact. It goes from racket 'edge-on' to strings facing the ball mostly because of the rotation of ISR. See the above video. The arm rotates and this allows the wrist to continue on into the follow through with
passive wrist joint motions. Do any wrist joint muscles drive a 'wrist snap'? I believe that the ISR gets things moving and the wrist just follows along without much muscle force from wrist flexors. Too complicated to understand very well though.
References-
Macci short video, kinetic chain.
http://www.tennisresources.com/index.cfm?area=video_detail&rv=1&vidid=2278
See article, T. Ellenbecker pages 1 & 4-9. See the graph of the kinetic chain sequence of body motions (pg. 4) & look for it in other references.
http://www.revolutionarytennis.com/Rev Tennis/download/usta-high-performance-vol-8-no-2.pdf
Kinetic Energy Transfer During the Tennis Serve. 2009 Cristina López de Subijana, Enrique Navarro
http://www.jhse.ua.es/jhse/article/view/38/142
Biomechanics and Tennis (2006) B. Elliott – A short summary paper outlining the main ideas.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2577481/
Well chosen comments on learning tennis strokes. B. Elliott
http://www.itfcoachesconference.com/2009/user/24
There are several articles on tennis, the kinetic energy chain, etc. by coachesinfo.com. For example,
http://coachesinfo.com/index.php?op...e&catid=95:tennis-general-articles&Itemid=173
ITF Coaches Presentation – Biomechanical Principles for the Serve in Tennis, SSC & Phases of the Serve, etc. However, I disagree on time presented for stretched muscle to lose potential to supply stretch force – the stated “1 second” is too long in my opinion.
http://www.itftennis.com/shared/medialibrary/pdf/original/io_24976_original.pdf
ITF Presentation - Power and the Tennis Serve (dated?)
http://www.itftennis.com/media/114010/114010.pdf
ITF Presentation - Biomechanics of Tennis: An Introduction (2007)
http://www.itftennis.com/media/113862/113862.pdf
ITF Presentation – Biomechanics of the Tennis Serve, (2007) B. Elliott
http://www.itftennis.com/shared/medialibrary/pdf/original/IO_24973_original.PDF
Technique effects on upper limb loading in the tennis serve, (2003) B. Elliott, G. Fleisig, R. Nicholls & R. Escamilia
http://biomechanics.stanford.edu/me337/projects/elliot03.pdf
This pdf does not open to display correctly for me. Browser suggests a different viewer and when I select Adobe (default) it works fine. If anyone has a better direct link please supply. Or, double click on it in your list of downloads?
Contributions of Upper Limb Segment Rotations During the Power Serve in Tennis(1995). Bruce C. Elliott, Robert N. Marshall, and Guillermo J. Noffal - Was this the first ISR paper for the tennis serve?
http://www.exeter.ac.uk/media/unive...alexeter/documents/iss/Elliot_et_al__1995.pdf
Long-axis rotation: The missing link in proximal-to-distal segmental sequencing (2000) Marshall & Elliott, not available free, (translation - Long axis rotation - arm rotation from ISR; proximal - close & slower, as the leg or trunk; distal - more distant and much faster, occurs later in the motion, the arm & wrist. Basic kinetic energy chain.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/026404100364983#preview
Bruce Elliott publications
https://www.socrates.uwa.edu.au/Staff/StaffProfile.aspx?Person=BruceElliott&tab=publications