Anderson leads the head-to-head 6-1, with Thiem's only victory coming in their last meeting on the clay courts at Madrid in May.
Last year's finalist Anderson has been taken to five sets twice already this tournament, by Ryan Harrison and Denis Shapovalov, while Thiem went the distance with Steve Johnson.
The Austrian is looking to make his first Grand Slam quarter-final appearance on hard courts, having lost at the fourth round stage five times, including last year in New York where he squandered a match point on his way to defeat by Juan Martin Del Potro.
Last year's finalist Anderson has been taken to five sets twice already this tournament, by Ryan Harrison and Denis Shapovalov, while Thiem went the distance with Steve Johnson.
The Austrian is looking to make his first Grand Slam quarter-final appearance on hard courts, having lost at the fourth round stage five times, including last year in New York where he squandered a match point on his way to defeat by Juan Martin Del Potro.