Here's an alternate perspective:
So a normal serve would have you back at the baseline or a little further and you would return with a more concise version of you swing. This is our most practiced type of return and what we typically automate into doing.
Our infamous rainbow, "dink" serve is short and either kinda high or mid height. The difference now is that you have a bigger swing but more importantly, LESS SPACE because you are now closer than your typically return. Tied with the fact that you have time for a bigger swing you can see why that exacerbates the problem.
Whenever you have a problem of short balls, people tend to understand it better in this point of view:
When you are from the back you have 78ft of distance to hit the ball into the court. The closer you move into the court, the more space you lose to hit the ball. If you are at the service line you lose 18 ft of distance. That's huge- you simply cannot hit your regular shot. The easy solution is instead of imagining hitting a POWERFUL ball, imagine yourself hitting a powerful SHORT ball. Everything is relative. You're hitting the ball short, but because your closer into the court, it will land deep but inside the court.
A good way to practice is just hitting a ball short when you are in the baseline and rallying. Do not change the depth of the ball with power, but instead of how you arc the ball + topspin. You need a lower trajectory and a moderate amount of topspin. Use your knowledge of topspin and positioning to fill the rest and I think you got your problem solved.
Typically, if you are able to move closer into the court, the goal is to punish the player enough to get an even shorter ball. If they are able to return it deep, and mis-position you, then they hit a good shot or you didn't punish them enough.