Half Dozen Game

6. Mullet

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All Things Las Vegas:

1. AYCU Buffets

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4. Alternative tragic film endings for Russian market in early 20th century.

Why did foreign films in Russia have sad endings?
Anna Popova
Jan 04 2025


Did you know that, at the beginning of the 20th century, foreigners filmed alternative movie endings for Russian audiences? It's true: movie fans in the Russian Empire appreciated dramatic intensity and were not afraid of sad endings.

At that time, cinema was one of the most accessible forms of entertainment. According to film historians, there were at least four cinemas on the main streets of even small towns with populations of just 25,000-30,000 people.

Why did the studios go to such lengths? The answer was given in a publication of the Russian ‘Kinogazeta’ magazine in 1918: “Russian cinema chooses its own path. Everything is good that ends badly… We need tragic endings.”

“It can be assumed that alternative endings were a way to improve box office receipts, but not only. It is impossible not to take into account the psychology of the Russian viewer, their mentality and, of course, the traditions of Russian literature,” explains director Olga Olgina. “We should not forget about Stanislavsky's system, because the movies of that time also featured theater actors who had gone through his school. The tragic ending of a movie gave it a greater emotional intensity, making the audience empathize and sympathize with the characters.”

https://www.gw2ru.com/arts/211192-foreign-films-sad-endings

Why They Did It
Research into the psychology of the early Russian viewer suggests that tragic endings were perceived as having greater "emotional intensity" and psychological depth, reflecting the heavy influence of 19th-century literature like Dostoevsky and Tolstoy.

The End of the Tragic Ending
By the early 1930s, the "Russian tragic ending" was officially banned. Under Stalin, tragedy was seen as "counter-revolutionary" and decadent. Cinema shifted to Socialist Realism, where films were required to have a "positive hero" and a triumphant ending to show the inevitable victory of Communism.
 
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"Many people across the UK are affected by lung damage and other smoking related illnesses, particularly in the North East where I grew up. I'm pleased to support a programme which works towards giving people the motivation and support they need to quit." Sting
 
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5. Lucky Strike Spy Camera

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Lucky Strikes Spy Camera was developed for the U.S. Signal Corps c. 1949-1950. The selenium light meter was built by Quavas Corporation. The camera fitted into the actual outer wrapper from a Lucky Strike cigarette packet. It was made to a very high standard with a five-element f/2.7 17.5mm Sonnar-type lens. A focal plane shutter was mounted in front of the lens and provided shutter speeds from B,5,=50,00. Eighteen exposures on 16mm film could be made.
https://www.bonhams.com/auction/22900/lot/775/lucky-strike-spy-camera-mast-development-corp-usa/
 
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A text in the Die babylonisch-assyrische Medizin in Texten und Untersuchungen therefore prescribes:


If a man grinds (or, ‘grates’) his teeth in his sleep, you will take a human skull, wash and anoint it with oil, and for seven days it shall be kept in place at the head of his bed. Before he lies down he shall kiss it seven times and lick it seven times—so he will recover.
https://www.thehistoriclife.com/a-slobbery-night-guard/
 
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