Bjorn Borg beat Jimmy Connors 6-2, 6-2, 6-3 in the Wimbledon final, 1978 on grass
It was Borg's third title in a row at the venue and he'd beaten Connors in five sets in the previous final. Connors was ranked 1, Borg 3 at the time according to commentary
Borg won 105 points, Connors 77
Borg serve-volleyed off all first serves
Serve Stats
Borg...
- 1st serve percentage (46/85) 54%
- 1st serve points won (36/46) 78%
- 2nd serve points won (19/39) 49%
- Aces 5
- Unreturned Serve Percentage (24/85) 28%
Connors...
- 1st serve percentage (58/97) 60%
- 1st serve points won (27/58) 47%
- 2nd serve points won (21/39) 54%
- Double Faults 4
- Unreturned Serve Percentage (7/97) 7%
Serve Patterns
Borg served...
- to FH 25%
- to BH 72%
- to Body 4%
Connors served...
- to FH 24%
- to BH 68%
- to Body 8%
Return Stats
Borg made...
- 86 (44 FH, 42 BH), including 16 runaround FHs
- 1 Winner (1 BH)
- 7 Errors, comprising...
- 1 Unforced (1 FH), a runaround FH
- 6 Forced (2 FH, 4 BH)
- Return Rate (86/93) 92%
Connors made...
- 61 (17 FH, 44 BH), including 3 runaround FHs & 1 return-approach
- 2 Winners (1 FH, 1 BH)
- 19 Errors, comprising...
- 5 Unforced (2 FH, 3 BH), including 2 runaround FHs
- 14 Forced (6 FH, 8 BH)
- Return Rate (61/85) 72%
Break Points
Borg 7/17 (9 games)
Connors 1/7 (4 games)
Winners (including returns, excluding serves)
Borg 28 (1 FH, 8 BH, 7 FHV, 8 BHV, 4 OH)
Connors 31 (9 FH, 3 BH, 6 FHV, 8 BHV, 5 OH)
Borg had 8 from serve-volley points
- 3 first volleys (2 FHV, 1 BHV)
- 5 second volleys (1 FHV, 2 BHV, 2 OH)… 1 BHV being a stop
- 2 other BHVs were drops
- 2 FHVs were played net-to-net
- all groundstrokes were passes -
- FH - 1 cc
- BHs - 5 cc (1 return), 1 longline, 1 lob and 1 cc running-down-drop-shot at a very fine angle
Connors' had 11 passes (6 FH, 3 BH, 1 FHV, 1 BHV)
- FHs - 2 cc, 2 dtl, 1 inside-out net chord pop over and 1 lob
- BH - 2 dtl passes (1 return) and 1 lob
- FHV - a swinging shot and not a net point
- BHV - a drive and not a net point
- regular FHs - 1 cc (from just behind service line but counted a not point), 1 runaround inside-out and 1 net chord dribbler
- 4 from serve-volley points
- 2 first volleys (1 BHV, 1 OH)… the OH can reasonably be called a very high FHV
- 2 second volleys (2 FHV)
- 1 OH came from a return-approach point, 1 BHV was played net-to-net and 2 drop volleys (1 FHV, 1 BHV)
Errors (excluding serves and returns)
Borg 39
- 12 Unforced (5 FH, 3 BH, 1 FHV, 2 BHV, 1 OH)
- 27 Forced (4 FH, 15 BH, 3 FHV, 4 BHV, 1 BHOH)
- Unforced Error Forcefulness Index 46.7
Connors 49
- 25 Unforced (10 FH, 11 BH, 1 FHV, 3 BHV)
- 24 Forced (10 FH, 9 BH, 5 FHV)
- Unforced Error Forcefulness Index 47.2
(Note 1: All 1/2 volleys refer to such shots played at net. 1/2 volleys played from other parts of the court are included within relevant groundstroke numbers)
(Note 2: the Unforced Error Forcefulness Index is an indicator of how aggressive the average UE was. The numbers presented for these two matches are keyed on 4 categories - 20 defensive, 40 neutral, 50 attacking and 60 winner attempt)
Net Points & Serve-Volley
Borg was...
- 54/81 (67%) at net, including...
- 31/41 (70%) serve-volleying, all first serves
--
- 1/3 (33%) forced back/retreated
Connors was...
- 36/59 (61%) at net, including...
- 9/12 (75%) serve-volleying, comprising...
- 8/11 (73%) off 1st serve and..
- 1/1 off 2nd serve
--
- 1/1 return-approaching
- 0/2 forced back/retreated
Match Report
Commanding from Borg in a match that's easy to explain with just stats and a few words. Praiseworthy as Borg's play is, Connors' haywire approach to the match keeps it from being more competitive
Basic Stats & Dynamics
Starting with the obvious, usually, first serves usually give the server such a big advantage that with playing strength being equal, the server wins the bulk of the points
Here, that only half holds. Borg has a strong first serve - and uses it accordingly. Connors has a weak serve (and Borg is exceptionally consistent of return to boot) - this part of the match doesn't fit usual patterns
Usually, second serve points are an indicator of playing strength (i.e. points starting from a neutral position)
Here, that's true
In a nutshell, all of Connors service points - 1st or 2nd - are effectively 50-50 neutral points. For Borg, only the second serve points are... its an almost impossible handicap for Jimbo. He'd have to be not just better, but far, far better than in play to come out ahead overall
Borg wins 78% first serve points (serving at a conservative 54%)… that's his head start.
Which leaves his second serve points and Connors service points to start neutrally. What happens there?
Second serve points - Borg 19/39 @ 49%, Connors 21/39 @ 54%. Note also, Connors served 4 doubles, Borg 0. These stats are suggesting Connors was actually the stronger court player
Now throw in Connors' 1st serve points, which realistically though atypically are neutral starting points too. Connors wins 27/58 @ 47%
Total of Borg's second serve points and all Connors' service points - we are dead even 68-68 points
This is worth noting because watching the match, one gets the impression Borg is considerably the better court player (and obviously, the far better server). Doesn't appear to be the case. Seems to just be serve that seperates the two
That should tell you something about what the serve is worth... overall, the match is a no-contest with Borg miles ahead. From dead equal to miles ahead... that's the serve (and the tactics behind it)
Serve-volleying Tactics, Overall Strategy & Connors' Plans
Borg serve-volleys of all first serves and stays back on all seconds. Its committed serve-volleying too... none of the 1/2 assed 'delay' serve-volleying or hoping-to-hit-groundstroke-rather-than-volley stuff he showed in the '76 final against Nastase
Connors rarely serve-volleys (just 12 times, once off a second serve). But is hugely successful when he does (winning 9/12). One understands having second thoughts about coming in behind a weak serve... but he just isn't thinking right (if at all)
Sans serve-volleying, he's only won 19/47 @ 40% of his first serve points
Its grass. The bounce is low and irregular. Borg returns very, very consistently (doubt we'll find anything higher than a 92% return rate on grass) but that's helped by Connors staying back. Connors is volleying well
Anything was better than staying back and trading groundies with Borg. His rare serve-volleys show it to be the best way forward. What's the thinking behind not serve-volleying more?
Take the net early in rallies? He doesn't really try - he's not looking to come in off third balls, rather rally neutrally, see how it goes and then come in. He comes in 46 times from rallying, Borg 41
Plan on passing Borg regularly? If so, its a very bad plan... ball is bouncing ankle to knee high, its a wonder both players are able to hit passing shots as well as they do, but getting the better of a guy at net isn't practical, even if the guy is volleying badly (which Borg isn't)
{sidebar: still wouldn't be surprised if that were his plans. In a mid- 80s match against Lendl on hard court where I thought Connors was erring badly by baselining against a more consistent player and a better way would have been to approach more, he says out loud to himself "we want him there", meaning Lendl at the net
Assuming he wasn't joking, apparently his plan was to draw Lendl to net and pass him rather than come in himself to volley. No prizes for guessing who won the match}
Outplaying Borg baseline-to-baseline? If so, another bad plan... Borg is the stronger player in that scenario. Maybe that wasn't clearly established in 1978? I wouldn't think so, its obvious Borg's shots are more consistent (8 groundstroke UEs for Borg, Connors has 21). About as damaging too.
What exactly did Connors think was going to happen the way he played? Short of putting on a demon return performance (not likely against Borg's serve, though I suppose if you can do it to Tanner, you can conceivably do it to Borg) and hope Borg has a bad day on the volley... I don't see his game plan having a happy ending
After the match, Bud Collins speaks to both players and Connors answers a what-went-wrong question. He says something about how he went for too much on his shots and should have just tried to stay in there
Anyone else gave this answer, I'd suspect they were just saying whatever, with their mind elsewhere. For Connors, wouldn't be surprised if that's how he saw things
No idea what he's talking about. He didn't serve big, didn't approach unduly, didn't go for too much on passes and volleyed well. Maybe he thinks just putting passes over the net and hoping Borg missed them was what he was missing... as sound an idea as many I've seen him try to pull off
Generally speaking, I think Connors has a bad grasp of strategy. Rallying with McEnroe neutrally when Mac is bound to come in sooner or later, slugging it out with Lendl when its clear Lendl isn't going to give up errors, and this match... he's probably the worse player in most of the matches I've looked at and would likely lose whatever he tried, but so often he makes it worse on himself following (and sticking to) bad plans where fairly obvious alternatives (usually, come to net more) were there
In those mid-80s matches with McEnroe and Lendl, his volleying is often less massively confidence filling (though still good enough to be better than the alternative), but in this match, he volleys well and surely too
It was Borg's third title in a row at the venue and he'd beaten Connors in five sets in the previous final. Connors was ranked 1, Borg 3 at the time according to commentary
Borg won 105 points, Connors 77
Borg serve-volleyed off all first serves
Serve Stats
Borg...
- 1st serve percentage (46/85) 54%
- 1st serve points won (36/46) 78%
- 2nd serve points won (19/39) 49%
- Aces 5
- Unreturned Serve Percentage (24/85) 28%
Connors...
- 1st serve percentage (58/97) 60%
- 1st serve points won (27/58) 47%
- 2nd serve points won (21/39) 54%
- Double Faults 4
- Unreturned Serve Percentage (7/97) 7%
Serve Patterns
Borg served...
- to FH 25%
- to BH 72%
- to Body 4%
Connors served...
- to FH 24%
- to BH 68%
- to Body 8%
Return Stats
Borg made...
- 86 (44 FH, 42 BH), including 16 runaround FHs
- 1 Winner (1 BH)
- 7 Errors, comprising...
- 1 Unforced (1 FH), a runaround FH
- 6 Forced (2 FH, 4 BH)
- Return Rate (86/93) 92%
Connors made...
- 61 (17 FH, 44 BH), including 3 runaround FHs & 1 return-approach
- 2 Winners (1 FH, 1 BH)
- 19 Errors, comprising...
- 5 Unforced (2 FH, 3 BH), including 2 runaround FHs
- 14 Forced (6 FH, 8 BH)
- Return Rate (61/85) 72%
Break Points
Borg 7/17 (9 games)
Connors 1/7 (4 games)
Winners (including returns, excluding serves)
Borg 28 (1 FH, 8 BH, 7 FHV, 8 BHV, 4 OH)
Connors 31 (9 FH, 3 BH, 6 FHV, 8 BHV, 5 OH)
Borg had 8 from serve-volley points
- 3 first volleys (2 FHV, 1 BHV)
- 5 second volleys (1 FHV, 2 BHV, 2 OH)… 1 BHV being a stop
- 2 other BHVs were drops
- 2 FHVs were played net-to-net
- all groundstrokes were passes -
- FH - 1 cc
- BHs - 5 cc (1 return), 1 longline, 1 lob and 1 cc running-down-drop-shot at a very fine angle
Connors' had 11 passes (6 FH, 3 BH, 1 FHV, 1 BHV)
- FHs - 2 cc, 2 dtl, 1 inside-out net chord pop over and 1 lob
- BH - 2 dtl passes (1 return) and 1 lob
- FHV - a swinging shot and not a net point
- BHV - a drive and not a net point
- regular FHs - 1 cc (from just behind service line but counted a not point), 1 runaround inside-out and 1 net chord dribbler
- 4 from serve-volley points
- 2 first volleys (1 BHV, 1 OH)… the OH can reasonably be called a very high FHV
- 2 second volleys (2 FHV)
- 1 OH came from a return-approach point, 1 BHV was played net-to-net and 2 drop volleys (1 FHV, 1 BHV)
Errors (excluding serves and returns)
Borg 39
- 12 Unforced (5 FH, 3 BH, 1 FHV, 2 BHV, 1 OH)
- 27 Forced (4 FH, 15 BH, 3 FHV, 4 BHV, 1 BHOH)
- Unforced Error Forcefulness Index 46.7
Connors 49
- 25 Unforced (10 FH, 11 BH, 1 FHV, 3 BHV)
- 24 Forced (10 FH, 9 BH, 5 FHV)
- Unforced Error Forcefulness Index 47.2
(Note 1: All 1/2 volleys refer to such shots played at net. 1/2 volleys played from other parts of the court are included within relevant groundstroke numbers)
(Note 2: the Unforced Error Forcefulness Index is an indicator of how aggressive the average UE was. The numbers presented for these two matches are keyed on 4 categories - 20 defensive, 40 neutral, 50 attacking and 60 winner attempt)
Net Points & Serve-Volley
Borg was...
- 54/81 (67%) at net, including...
- 31/41 (70%) serve-volleying, all first serves
--
- 1/3 (33%) forced back/retreated
Connors was...
- 36/59 (61%) at net, including...
- 9/12 (75%) serve-volleying, comprising...
- 8/11 (73%) off 1st serve and..
- 1/1 off 2nd serve
--
- 1/1 return-approaching
- 0/2 forced back/retreated
Match Report
Commanding from Borg in a match that's easy to explain with just stats and a few words. Praiseworthy as Borg's play is, Connors' haywire approach to the match keeps it from being more competitive
Basic Stats & Dynamics
Starting with the obvious, usually, first serves usually give the server such a big advantage that with playing strength being equal, the server wins the bulk of the points
Here, that only half holds. Borg has a strong first serve - and uses it accordingly. Connors has a weak serve (and Borg is exceptionally consistent of return to boot) - this part of the match doesn't fit usual patterns
Usually, second serve points are an indicator of playing strength (i.e. points starting from a neutral position)
Here, that's true
In a nutshell, all of Connors service points - 1st or 2nd - are effectively 50-50 neutral points. For Borg, only the second serve points are... its an almost impossible handicap for Jimbo. He'd have to be not just better, but far, far better than in play to come out ahead overall
Borg wins 78% first serve points (serving at a conservative 54%)… that's his head start.
Which leaves his second serve points and Connors service points to start neutrally. What happens there?
Second serve points - Borg 19/39 @ 49%, Connors 21/39 @ 54%. Note also, Connors served 4 doubles, Borg 0. These stats are suggesting Connors was actually the stronger court player
Now throw in Connors' 1st serve points, which realistically though atypically are neutral starting points too. Connors wins 27/58 @ 47%
Total of Borg's second serve points and all Connors' service points - we are dead even 68-68 points
This is worth noting because watching the match, one gets the impression Borg is considerably the better court player (and obviously, the far better server). Doesn't appear to be the case. Seems to just be serve that seperates the two
That should tell you something about what the serve is worth... overall, the match is a no-contest with Borg miles ahead. From dead equal to miles ahead... that's the serve (and the tactics behind it)
Serve-volleying Tactics, Overall Strategy & Connors' Plans
Borg serve-volleys of all first serves and stays back on all seconds. Its committed serve-volleying too... none of the 1/2 assed 'delay' serve-volleying or hoping-to-hit-groundstroke-rather-than-volley stuff he showed in the '76 final against Nastase
Connors rarely serve-volleys (just 12 times, once off a second serve). But is hugely successful when he does (winning 9/12). One understands having second thoughts about coming in behind a weak serve... but he just isn't thinking right (if at all)
Sans serve-volleying, he's only won 19/47 @ 40% of his first serve points
Its grass. The bounce is low and irregular. Borg returns very, very consistently (doubt we'll find anything higher than a 92% return rate on grass) but that's helped by Connors staying back. Connors is volleying well
Anything was better than staying back and trading groundies with Borg. His rare serve-volleys show it to be the best way forward. What's the thinking behind not serve-volleying more?
Take the net early in rallies? He doesn't really try - he's not looking to come in off third balls, rather rally neutrally, see how it goes and then come in. He comes in 46 times from rallying, Borg 41
Plan on passing Borg regularly? If so, its a very bad plan... ball is bouncing ankle to knee high, its a wonder both players are able to hit passing shots as well as they do, but getting the better of a guy at net isn't practical, even if the guy is volleying badly (which Borg isn't)
{sidebar: still wouldn't be surprised if that were his plans. In a mid- 80s match against Lendl on hard court where I thought Connors was erring badly by baselining against a more consistent player and a better way would have been to approach more, he says out loud to himself "we want him there", meaning Lendl at the net
Assuming he wasn't joking, apparently his plan was to draw Lendl to net and pass him rather than come in himself to volley. No prizes for guessing who won the match}
Outplaying Borg baseline-to-baseline? If so, another bad plan... Borg is the stronger player in that scenario. Maybe that wasn't clearly established in 1978? I wouldn't think so, its obvious Borg's shots are more consistent (8 groundstroke UEs for Borg, Connors has 21). About as damaging too.
What exactly did Connors think was going to happen the way he played? Short of putting on a demon return performance (not likely against Borg's serve, though I suppose if you can do it to Tanner, you can conceivably do it to Borg) and hope Borg has a bad day on the volley... I don't see his game plan having a happy ending
After the match, Bud Collins speaks to both players and Connors answers a what-went-wrong question. He says something about how he went for too much on his shots and should have just tried to stay in there
Anyone else gave this answer, I'd suspect they were just saying whatever, with their mind elsewhere. For Connors, wouldn't be surprised if that's how he saw things
No idea what he's talking about. He didn't serve big, didn't approach unduly, didn't go for too much on passes and volleyed well. Maybe he thinks just putting passes over the net and hoping Borg missed them was what he was missing... as sound an idea as many I've seen him try to pull off
Generally speaking, I think Connors has a bad grasp of strategy. Rallying with McEnroe neutrally when Mac is bound to come in sooner or later, slugging it out with Lendl when its clear Lendl isn't going to give up errors, and this match... he's probably the worse player in most of the matches I've looked at and would likely lose whatever he tried, but so often he makes it worse on himself following (and sticking to) bad plans where fairly obvious alternatives (usually, come to net more) were there
In those mid-80s matches with McEnroe and Lendl, his volleying is often less massively confidence filling (though still good enough to be better than the alternative), but in this match, he volleys well and surely too
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