David Wheaton beat Michael Chang 7-5, 6-2, 6-4 in the Grand Slam Cup final, 1991 on carpet in Munich, Germany
It would be 7th seeded Wheaton’s only title at the event. Chang was unseeded and would be runner-up the following year also
Wheaton won 127 points, Chang 110
Wheaton serve-volleyed off all but 1 first serve and majority of seconds, Chang serve-volleyed off about a third off first serves
[Note: I’m missing an unknown number of points, confidently guessed and included in points total to be 6
Set 1, Game 4 freezes after 10 points for about 5 minutes and resumes with last point of the hold
Possibly, just 1 missing point, that server Wheaton won
Or some multiple of 2 - each player winning 1 point of the pair - plus 1 point that server Wheaton won
Based on time elapsed and break point figures given later in telecast, 5 points have been added to points total (3 for Wheaton, 2 for Chang), i.e. game was 16 points long
Based on presented break point figures, Chang won points 11 and 13, Wheaton 12 and 14, with Wheaton winning point 15 confirmed. Point 16 is recorded. An additional 2 break points have been added to Chang’s tally, in line with telecast stats
Set 1, Game 9, Point 2 - a Chang service point that he won. Very likely and marked a first serve point based on time lapsed during video freeze and post-point footage]
Serve Stats
Wheaton...
- 1st serve percentage (66/116) 57%
- 1st serve points won (44/66) 67%
- 2nd serve points won (26/50) 52%
- ?? serve points won (3/5) 60%
- Aces 18, Service Winners 1
- Double Faults 4
- Unreturned Serve Percentage (45/116) 39%
Chang...
- 1st serve percentage (62/116) 53%
- 1st serve points won (38/62) 61%
- 2nd serve points won (24/54) 44%
- Aces 3
- Double Faults 3
- Unreturned Serve Percentage (26/115) 23%
Serve Patterns
Wheaton served...
- to FH 43%
- to BH 46%
- to Body 11%
(raw 48-52-12)
Chang served...
- to FH 43%
- to BH 44%
- to Body 13%
(raw 48-49-15)
Return Stats
Wheaton made...
- 86 (47 FH, 39 BH), including 8 runaround FHs, 1 runaround BH & 22 return-approaches
- 6 Winners (3 FH, 3 BH)
- 23 Errors, comprising...
- 11 Unforced (4 FH, 7 BH), including 1 runaround BH
- 12 Forced (4 FH, 8 BH)
- Return Rate (86/112) 77%
Chang made...
- 67 (32 FH, 35 BH), including 1 runaround FH & 3 return-approaches
- 12 Winners (7 FH, 5 BH)
- 26 Errors, comprising...
- 5 Unforced (3 FH, 2 BH)
- 21 Forced (10 FH, 11 BH), including 1 runaround FH
- Return Rate (67/112) 60%
Break Points
Wheaton 6/20 (8 games)
Chang 2/17 (7 games)
Winners (including returns, excluding serves)
Wheaton 41 (8 FH, 8 BH, 13 FHV, 8 BHV, 4 OH)
Chang 40 (16 FH, 14 BH, 3 FHV, 2 BHV, 1 BH1/2V, 3 OH, 1 BHOH)
Wheaton had 13 from serve-volley points -
- 6 first 'volleys' (3 FHV, 1 BHV, 1 OH, 1 FH at net)
- 7 second volleys (4 FHV, 3 BHV)
- 9 from return-approach points (4 FHV, 3 BHV, 1 OH, 1 FH at net)... 1 BHV was a swinging volley
- 1 other FHV was a non-net pass and 1 OH was on the bounce from the baseline
- FHs - 1 cc, 2 dtl return passes, 1 inside-out, 1 inside-in return, 1 lob
- BHs - 3 cc (1 return, 2 passes), 3 dtl (1 return, 2 passes - 1 at net), 1 inside-out/dtl pass (net chord flicker), 1 net chord dribbler return
Chang had 20 passes - 11 returns (6 FH, 5 BH) & 9 regular (3 FH, 5 BH, 1 FHV)
- FH returns - 1 cc, 1 dtl, 2 inside-out, 1 inside-out/down-the-middle (that hits Wheaton), 1 inside-in
- BH returns - 1 dtl, 4 inside-out
- regular FHs - 3 cc
- regular BHs - 2 cc, 2 dtl, 1 inside-out
- the FHV was a swinging cc from the baseline
- regular (non-pass) FHs - 1 cc return, 4 dtl, 1 dtl/inside-out, 1 inside-out
- regular BHs - 2 cc, 2 dtl
- 3 from serve-volley points (1 FHV, 1 BH1/2V, 1 BHOH), all second 'volleys'
- 1 from a return-approach point, a swinging BHV
- 1 other OH was on the bounce
Errors (excluding serves and returns)
Wheaton 37
- 16 Unforced (2 FH, 5 BH, 5 FHV, 4 BHV)
- 21 Forced (2 FH, 8 BH, 6 FHV, 1 FH1/2V, 2 BHV, 2 BH1/2V)
- Unforced Error Forcefulness Index 51.3 (raw 4-6-6)
Chang 35
- 6 Unforced (3 FH, 1 BH, 1 FHV, 1 BHV)... the FHV was a swinging baseline shot
- 29 Forced (12 FH, 12 BH, 1 FH1/2V, 4 BHV)
- Unforced Error Forcefulness Index 48.3 (raw 3-1-2)
(Note 1: All 1/2 volleys refer to such shots played at net. 1/2 volleys played from other parts of the court are included within relevant groundstroke numbers)
(Note 2: the Unforced Error Forcefulness Index is an indicator of how aggressive the average UE was. The numbers presented are keyed on 4 categories - 20 defensive, 40 neutral, 50 attacking and 60 winner attempt)
Net Points & Serve-Volley
Wheaton was...
- 70/112 (63%) at net, including...
- 41/75 (55%) serve-volleying, comprising...
- 25/46 (54%) off 1st serve and...
- 16/29 (55%) off 2nd serve
---
- 16/22 (73%) return-approaching
- 1/2 forced back/retreated
Chang was...
- 28/47 (60%) at net, including...
- 16/26 (62%) serve-volleying, comprising...
- 12/18 (67%) off 1st serve and...
- 4/8 (50%) off 2nd serve
---
- 2/3 (67%) return-approaching
- 0/2 forced back
Match Report
Devastating second returning by Wheaton - pounded return-approaches, usually moving forward and often around to either side - is most important result determinant in a relatively long, tough and high quality straight setter on fast court. Big serves from the serve-volleying winner has a hand too. Chang is strongly solid, his returning is worthy competition against the strong serve-volleying its up against, but his serve is a problem - first serve is often harmless and second a liability that’s exploited
Wheaton’s 16/22 return-approaching or 73%. To compare, he wins just 55% serve-volleying off either serve and Chang wins 62% serve-volleying, which he’s largely forced into by the assault on his second serve
These aren’t chip-charges; they’re move-around and forward and belted shots. Most would put Chang on defensive and at least, neutralize any potential third ball advantage. Yet negligible amount of them are potential winners. Would expect Chang to make the third ball, even if challenged, almost every time were Wheaton not taking net
In other words, virtually perfectly balanced of force and risk; Any more aggressive, probably leads to a few errors (he has 0 errors going for them, despite the regularity), any less, then Chang probably makes the pass more often (Chang passes very well all match)
Wheaton moves towards center of court off both sides to play them. Move-around FHs in deuce court, move-around BHs in ad. Move-around and forward to be more precise
Its most akin to a savage John McEnroe showing. More controlled and powerful hits, less focus on charging and forward momentum. The move-around BHs (he has just 1 bona fida runaround BH return, but otherwise regularly moves over to swat body second serves early) is all his own
Wheaton’s return-approaches shapes the whole match
He’s 3/9 on the play in first set due to Chang passing superbly. And that’s the tightest set, with both players playing as they’d like to. Chang in fact, getting into return games more often
He’s 13/13 in the next 2 sets. The shellacking gets too much for Chang, whose thrashed in second set. And Chang adjusts to serve-volleying, even second serve-volleying from end of second set to end of match to protect against the play. Not bad serve-volleying from Chang, but its likely to (and does) get him broken sooner rather than later
Second most important shot in the match is Wheaton’s first serve. He’s got 18 aces, 1 service winner (Chang has 3 aces). Hefty, troubling first serve from Wheaton, and he serve-volleys off all but 1 first serve and 63% of the time off seconds (doing so more and more off second serves as match goes on), but Chang’s return-passing is extremely good, and Wheaton’s volley alone isn’t so solid as to leave him too secure
Just 54% first serve-volley and 55% second serve-volley points won by Wheaton. Figures, at his frequency of serve-volleying, almost certain to get him broken in time
But for 18 aces, 1 service winner or an unreturnable 29% off first serves, at in count of 57%
Harmless serve is Chang’s burden. He eventaully cranks it up to what’s probably maximum for him in third set and even then, its not too troubling. Otherwise, he plays very well. His return is a match for Wheaton’s excellent serve, his passing probably shades Wheaton’s quality volleying too. Both players are solidly strong from the baseline, Chang more so
Match is gruelling. 237 points in 30 games comes to 7.9 per game. In words, average game is deuce game. Both players suffer it (Wheaton serves 8.1 points per game, Chang 7.7) and its reflected in break points figures - Wheaton 6/20 (8 games), Chang 2/17 (7 games)
Who has better of things varies across match. Briefly for now, Chang has run of play in first set, Wheaton in second and things are about even in third. The two key shots - Wheaton’s second returning and his serve - are largely behind the break point numbers. Big serves keeping him from getting broken, big returns getting him breaks
Other notable/memorable incident in match is Wheaton copping a Chang return right in the nuts. Ouch
It would be 7th seeded Wheaton’s only title at the event. Chang was unseeded and would be runner-up the following year also
Wheaton won 127 points, Chang 110
Wheaton serve-volleyed off all but 1 first serve and majority of seconds, Chang serve-volleyed off about a third off first serves
[Note: I’m missing an unknown number of points, confidently guessed and included in points total to be 6
Set 1, Game 4 freezes after 10 points for about 5 minutes and resumes with last point of the hold
Possibly, just 1 missing point, that server Wheaton won
Or some multiple of 2 - each player winning 1 point of the pair - plus 1 point that server Wheaton won
Based on time elapsed and break point figures given later in telecast, 5 points have been added to points total (3 for Wheaton, 2 for Chang), i.e. game was 16 points long
Based on presented break point figures, Chang won points 11 and 13, Wheaton 12 and 14, with Wheaton winning point 15 confirmed. Point 16 is recorded. An additional 2 break points have been added to Chang’s tally, in line with telecast stats
Set 1, Game 9, Point 2 - a Chang service point that he won. Very likely and marked a first serve point based on time lapsed during video freeze and post-point footage]
Serve Stats
Wheaton...
- 1st serve percentage (66/116) 57%
- 1st serve points won (44/66) 67%
- 2nd serve points won (26/50) 52%
- ?? serve points won (3/5) 60%
- Aces 18, Service Winners 1
- Double Faults 4
- Unreturned Serve Percentage (45/116) 39%
Chang...
- 1st serve percentage (62/116) 53%
- 1st serve points won (38/62) 61%
- 2nd serve points won (24/54) 44%
- Aces 3
- Double Faults 3
- Unreturned Serve Percentage (26/115) 23%
Serve Patterns
Wheaton served...
- to FH 43%
- to BH 46%
- to Body 11%
(raw 48-52-12)
Chang served...
- to FH 43%
- to BH 44%
- to Body 13%
(raw 48-49-15)
Return Stats
Wheaton made...
- 86 (47 FH, 39 BH), including 8 runaround FHs, 1 runaround BH & 22 return-approaches
- 6 Winners (3 FH, 3 BH)
- 23 Errors, comprising...
- 11 Unforced (4 FH, 7 BH), including 1 runaround BH
- 12 Forced (4 FH, 8 BH)
- Return Rate (86/112) 77%
Chang made...
- 67 (32 FH, 35 BH), including 1 runaround FH & 3 return-approaches
- 12 Winners (7 FH, 5 BH)
- 26 Errors, comprising...
- 5 Unforced (3 FH, 2 BH)
- 21 Forced (10 FH, 11 BH), including 1 runaround FH
- Return Rate (67/112) 60%
Break Points
Wheaton 6/20 (8 games)
Chang 2/17 (7 games)
Winners (including returns, excluding serves)
Wheaton 41 (8 FH, 8 BH, 13 FHV, 8 BHV, 4 OH)
Chang 40 (16 FH, 14 BH, 3 FHV, 2 BHV, 1 BH1/2V, 3 OH, 1 BHOH)
Wheaton had 13 from serve-volley points -
- 6 first 'volleys' (3 FHV, 1 BHV, 1 OH, 1 FH at net)
- 7 second volleys (4 FHV, 3 BHV)
- 9 from return-approach points (4 FHV, 3 BHV, 1 OH, 1 FH at net)... 1 BHV was a swinging volley
- 1 other FHV was a non-net pass and 1 OH was on the bounce from the baseline
- FHs - 1 cc, 2 dtl return passes, 1 inside-out, 1 inside-in return, 1 lob
- BHs - 3 cc (1 return, 2 passes), 3 dtl (1 return, 2 passes - 1 at net), 1 inside-out/dtl pass (net chord flicker), 1 net chord dribbler return
Chang had 20 passes - 11 returns (6 FH, 5 BH) & 9 regular (3 FH, 5 BH, 1 FHV)
- FH returns - 1 cc, 1 dtl, 2 inside-out, 1 inside-out/down-the-middle (that hits Wheaton), 1 inside-in
- BH returns - 1 dtl, 4 inside-out
- regular FHs - 3 cc
- regular BHs - 2 cc, 2 dtl, 1 inside-out
- the FHV was a swinging cc from the baseline
- regular (non-pass) FHs - 1 cc return, 4 dtl, 1 dtl/inside-out, 1 inside-out
- regular BHs - 2 cc, 2 dtl
- 3 from serve-volley points (1 FHV, 1 BH1/2V, 1 BHOH), all second 'volleys'
- 1 from a return-approach point, a swinging BHV
- 1 other OH was on the bounce
Errors (excluding serves and returns)
Wheaton 37
- 16 Unforced (2 FH, 5 BH, 5 FHV, 4 BHV)
- 21 Forced (2 FH, 8 BH, 6 FHV, 1 FH1/2V, 2 BHV, 2 BH1/2V)
- Unforced Error Forcefulness Index 51.3 (raw 4-6-6)
Chang 35
- 6 Unforced (3 FH, 1 BH, 1 FHV, 1 BHV)... the FHV was a swinging baseline shot
- 29 Forced (12 FH, 12 BH, 1 FH1/2V, 4 BHV)
- Unforced Error Forcefulness Index 48.3 (raw 3-1-2)
(Note 1: All 1/2 volleys refer to such shots played at net. 1/2 volleys played from other parts of the court are included within relevant groundstroke numbers)
(Note 2: the Unforced Error Forcefulness Index is an indicator of how aggressive the average UE was. The numbers presented are keyed on 4 categories - 20 defensive, 40 neutral, 50 attacking and 60 winner attempt)
Net Points & Serve-Volley
Wheaton was...
- 70/112 (63%) at net, including...
- 41/75 (55%) serve-volleying, comprising...
- 25/46 (54%) off 1st serve and...
- 16/29 (55%) off 2nd serve
---
- 16/22 (73%) return-approaching
- 1/2 forced back/retreated
Chang was...
- 28/47 (60%) at net, including...
- 16/26 (62%) serve-volleying, comprising...
- 12/18 (67%) off 1st serve and...
- 4/8 (50%) off 2nd serve
---
- 2/3 (67%) return-approaching
- 0/2 forced back
Match Report
Devastating second returning by Wheaton - pounded return-approaches, usually moving forward and often around to either side - is most important result determinant in a relatively long, tough and high quality straight setter on fast court. Big serves from the serve-volleying winner has a hand too. Chang is strongly solid, his returning is worthy competition against the strong serve-volleying its up against, but his serve is a problem - first serve is often harmless and second a liability that’s exploited
Wheaton’s 16/22 return-approaching or 73%. To compare, he wins just 55% serve-volleying off either serve and Chang wins 62% serve-volleying, which he’s largely forced into by the assault on his second serve
These aren’t chip-charges; they’re move-around and forward and belted shots. Most would put Chang on defensive and at least, neutralize any potential third ball advantage. Yet negligible amount of them are potential winners. Would expect Chang to make the third ball, even if challenged, almost every time were Wheaton not taking net
In other words, virtually perfectly balanced of force and risk; Any more aggressive, probably leads to a few errors (he has 0 errors going for them, despite the regularity), any less, then Chang probably makes the pass more often (Chang passes very well all match)
Wheaton moves towards center of court off both sides to play them. Move-around FHs in deuce court, move-around BHs in ad. Move-around and forward to be more precise
Its most akin to a savage John McEnroe showing. More controlled and powerful hits, less focus on charging and forward momentum. The move-around BHs (he has just 1 bona fida runaround BH return, but otherwise regularly moves over to swat body second serves early) is all his own
Wheaton’s return-approaches shapes the whole match
He’s 3/9 on the play in first set due to Chang passing superbly. And that’s the tightest set, with both players playing as they’d like to. Chang in fact, getting into return games more often
He’s 13/13 in the next 2 sets. The shellacking gets too much for Chang, whose thrashed in second set. And Chang adjusts to serve-volleying, even second serve-volleying from end of second set to end of match to protect against the play. Not bad serve-volleying from Chang, but its likely to (and does) get him broken sooner rather than later
Second most important shot in the match is Wheaton’s first serve. He’s got 18 aces, 1 service winner (Chang has 3 aces). Hefty, troubling first serve from Wheaton, and he serve-volleys off all but 1 first serve and 63% of the time off seconds (doing so more and more off second serves as match goes on), but Chang’s return-passing is extremely good, and Wheaton’s volley alone isn’t so solid as to leave him too secure
Just 54% first serve-volley and 55% second serve-volley points won by Wheaton. Figures, at his frequency of serve-volleying, almost certain to get him broken in time
But for 18 aces, 1 service winner or an unreturnable 29% off first serves, at in count of 57%
Harmless serve is Chang’s burden. He eventaully cranks it up to what’s probably maximum for him in third set and even then, its not too troubling. Otherwise, he plays very well. His return is a match for Wheaton’s excellent serve, his passing probably shades Wheaton’s quality volleying too. Both players are solidly strong from the baseline, Chang more so
Match is gruelling. 237 points in 30 games comes to 7.9 per game. In words, average game is deuce game. Both players suffer it (Wheaton serves 8.1 points per game, Chang 7.7) and its reflected in break points figures - Wheaton 6/20 (8 games), Chang 2/17 (7 games)
Who has better of things varies across match. Briefly for now, Chang has run of play in first set, Wheaton in second and things are about even in third. The two key shots - Wheaton’s second returning and his serve - are largely behind the break point numbers. Big serves keeping him from getting broken, big returns getting him breaks
Other notable/memorable incident in match is Wheaton copping a Chang return right in the nuts. Ouch