REALLY Ancient History


Eastbourne as ever brings the curtain down on the outdoor tennis season in England.

361 names fill the dance cards for the wide range of events, the courts of Devonshire Park being occupied practically from dusk to dawn.

Herbert Baddeley dumps Harry Barlow out in R1 in quite a shock. I do wonder whether this is the match in which Barlow staged his sit-in protest after he objected to the bandstand music drifting across the grounds.


Baddeley goes on to beat Reggie Doherty in an entertaining match to reach the All Comers’ Final against future Wimbledon secretary, George Hillyard. The man behind the current Wimbledon grounds wins in 4 hard sets.

The challenge round is against Wilfred Baddeley. The champion has been in two minds whether to risk playing on his injured ankle but decides to give it a go. It’s a hard match with plenty of changes of lead. Hillyard has a rotten record in finals and tends to retire when he falls behind in matches. It can’t be for physical reasons - he is a naval man and a good enough cricketer to be invited for US tours. Perhaps it is born of frustration. In any event, his mental frailties are back to haunt him in this match, the biggest of his singles career. Hillyard retires at 2 sets to 1 down.

The ladies event features some fine matches. Chattie Cooper as Wimbledon champion is penalised owe 15 in her matches. This is too heavy a handicap in her first round encounter against Blanche Hillyard, who beats her 4&4 in a creditable outing by both ladies. Hillyard goes on to take the All Comers’ title with a 6-0 6-0 win against Maud Shackle (described as a “pair of spectacles”, presumably the 19th equivalent for the “double bagel”) and to win the title against Miss Jackson, only allowing the latter two games.

Here are photos of the finals, Blanche Hillyard vs Helen Jackson and Wilfred Baddeley against Blanche’s husband.

 
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The doubles features an increasingly rare appearance by Ernest Renshaw, who makes the semifinals with his partner Viccars before the Baddeleys rudely interrupt their progress to the tune of 6-1 6-2.

The final is between the Baddeleys and George Hillyard and Grainger Chaytor. The match is divided, bad light preventing a conclusion.

Here’s a photo of the Baddeleys (far end) in an earlier round.


The mixed doubles culminates in a fine contest between the Hillyards and Wilfred Baddeley and Maud Shackle. The pairs split the first two sets before the conjugal pair run away with the third as Shackle’s serve goes to pot. Her ambidextrous stylings do seem to flummox George Hillyard throughout the match, though - she constantly passes him down his backhand wing.

Here is a photo from the mixed final. The Hillyards are in the near court, with George statuesque near the net and Blanche in no-man’s land, probably lining up a few pointed comments aimed at her dear husband for his lack of activity. Baddeley is obscured at the net while Shackle looks like she is about to essay a right handed forehand.


In a nice touch for the old-timers, Herbert Chipp is one of the winners of the Veterans’ Doubles event.
 
A columnist for The Album magazine spends a few days down at the tournament and pens a few paragraphs on what he calls the “elderly young men” and women of champion tennis. I can only presume from the below that the “elderly” epithet relates to the players’ sun-kissed outdoorsy skin.


He witters on in same vein for a while. Happily for our purposes, the writer does seem to have an eye for fashion so we get an insight into tennis clobber for 1895.


For men, the all-white rule is sacrosanct. The top button of the linen shirt is undone, which is quite a big reveal if you recall the fashion strictures laid out by a ladies’ magazine a few years back - all high starched buttoned-up collars and cravats. The sleeves of the linen shirt are not confirmed as rolled up (like the Americans) or let down (presumably not yet with sleeves unbuttoned, after the Dohertys, as this would have attracted comment.

The reference to grey trousers and fancy shirts harks back to earlier tennis, where practically anything went sartorially speaking, at least for men. By the start of the 20th century, grey trousers are the preserve of the antediluvian Continental players and their on-court wearers are mercilessly mocked.

White shoes are ubiquitous for the men pretty much for generations. Not so for the women. Fashion dictates over much of the next decade that black shoes be worn - we’ll start seeing these appearing in action photos soon. Sartorially-minded observers write to the tennis weeklies in horror at how ugly these shoes look but it takes a while for fashion’s wheel to turn again.

Our correspondent here is early enough in time to be spared the sight of the black shoe but recoils at the thought of serge skirts (I suppose that would be denim-adjacent and Agassi is still a century off so fair enough).

Unlike many other writers from outside the pages of the sporting press, this columnist is clearly a supporter of women’s tennis or, at the very least, tennis for women. He goes on:

 
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Over to France and the Dinard men’s event is defended by Wilberforce Eaves, the Wimbledon runner-up beating Horace Chapman in the final. In the ladies’, the event is again the preserve of the Arbuthnot sisters, Ivy this time triumphant against Alice.

The men’s singles features a strong run by the French champion, André Vacherot. Vacherot is only narrowly defeated in the semi-finals by Marion Wright, an American who, as a long-time resident of the town, has home advantage on the Dinard court.

Wright goes on to comically lose the ACF against Chapman. At one set all and 0-3, Wright “chucks” the final 3 games of the set, being under the impression they were playing best of 5 sets. Unfortunately for him, they were not.

Armand Masson is on the tournament committee and maybe is persuaded by the large number of French players in the handicap events to start organising a little event in his new facility at Boulevard Exelmans.
 
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The indefatigable Lady Wood is the organiser, referee and occasional umpire at her Boulogne-sur-Mer tournament.

Regrettably, the field is a little more sparse than in previous years, the only players of note being the Allen twins in the men’s events and the holder, Scottish champion Miss Paterson, in the ladies’. Form turns out to be a true guide to success, Roy Allen winning the men’s after Charlie scratches to him in the final (the holder, Eaves, not defending) while Paterson tears up the field in the ladies’.

Pastime is very keen to vive la difference when it comes to the little idiosyncrasies of the Boulogne tournament.


In recognition of his victory in the handicap singles, Charlie Allen is awarded a bust of an Algerian woman with a basket on her head. In something of a show of respect for the craftsman’s art, the basket duly becomes the receptacle for the umpteen bottles of grog that the Allens and their friends slosh back over dinner that night.

While the railway workers are more in evidence as spectators of the tennis than their equivalents at Worple Road, what really draws the eye is the outfits worn by the ballboys. In the alternative universe where I rule the roost at the All England club, my first edict would be that purple and green Tam O’ Shanters be mandatory for the ball-kids. In a laudatory bit of international comradeship, the Boulogne ballboys are every bit as recalcitrant and workshy as their rosbif equivalents.
 
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Along the coast at St Servan a new tournament has been established in 1895. There are no takers for a ladies’ singles but men’s singles and mixed doubles events are run. Harold Nisbet has made his way over from Dinard and takes the inaugural singles title. The mixed doubles final has some local involvement in the personage of M. Prevost, who is a runner-up with Miss Pinckney.

Given the prowess of his partner, I doubt Prevost had call to bring this little ditty to mind:


Not all of St Servan’s residents embrace the new tournament, it would appear:

 

Finally for French tennis in 1895 comes the announcement in November of the inaugural International Championships of France, to be held at the indoor courts of Armand Masson’s Tennis Club de Paris.

It is a watershed event for French tennis. Up to this point, the epicentres of the sport domestically have been the beach resorts of Northern France and the Côte d’Azur, driven by English and American tourists.

Masson’s event is probably the biggest tennis event in Paris to date, outdoing the USFSA-Winchester House club fixture earlier in 1895 and the international event in the Tir aux Pigeons in the Bois de Boulogne in 1882 that boasted the Prince of Wales as its honorary president:

http://tt.tennis-warehouse.com/index.php?threads/really-ancient-history.246089/post-17812777

Masson actually has to turn away entry applications from his fellow countrymen, so great is the interest in the event. In contrast, the British players prove to be rather flaky, all of the confirmed players dropping out except for Masson’s good friend RB Hough.

Fittingly, the singles titles are both won by home players, Mlle Masson taking the ladies’ title and André Vacherot the men’s, the latter in an all-French final against Aymé. Count Voss plays but struggles with the light and is beaten by Hough.
 
There’s little of note going on in British tennis over the last couple of months of 1895. Reggie Doherty wins the Covered Courts championships of Wales at the Craigside Hydropathic facility in Llandudno, an institution with a name that cries out for a resident Bond villain.

The agenda for the 1896 LTA AGM starts to coalesce in December, the main points of interest from our perspective being the presentation of committee reports on the treatment of net cords and the service in doubles.

In the sub-continent, a “North Western Provinces (India) Tournament” is to be revived, likely in one of the hill stations or regional centres. This gives me the perfect excuse to shoehorn in this sketch of tennis in one such hill station. Wearing all those clothes in that temperature must have been horrific - no wonder the chap down at the bottom left is knocking back the entire contents of the drinks table.


The expert local pros at a Shanghai tennis club are the inspiration for this little slice of late 19th century English Weltanschauung, which is presented without comment other than the usual sigh of disappointment.


 
A more positive note is struck in this article on Miss Hilda Maude Hitchings, the singles champion of New Zealand.


A one-armed player, Hitchings nevertheless has beaten all comers with her deceptive service and her athleticism. However she meets her Waterloo in the form of Nottinghamshire expat, Miss K. Nunneley.

Just one final aside for 1895, this one on other one-armed players. One of the best Australian players that the visiting British Davis Cup squad played in 1913 was the Queenslander, St John, who had lost his right arm. A little later, in 1929, a one-armed player called Clarence M. Charest actually wins the veterans’ singles title at the US National Championships at Forest Hills.

Another player (of sorts) whose service motion is accomplished entirely with one arm is none other than Kaiser Wilhelm. His left arm is withered and so he delivers both the ball and an underarm service motion with his right arm.


Kaiser Wilhelm decides that misery loves company and brings a whole host of new one-armed players to the game, thanks to his military misadventures between 1914 and 1918. Following the war, the rules of tennis are amended in 1920 to expressly permit one-armed players to toss the ball with their racket.

Lastly, two players who lost an arm in the line of duty team up at the Beckenham tournament of 1919 and, carried along on an enormous wave of support, go all the way to the final.

 
And so we come to the end of 1895.

It was a year which saw the ascendancy of new players on both the men’s and women’s side on both sides of the Atlantic but also featured the old champions refusing to go quiet into the night.

Charlotte Cooper and Reggie Doherty stepped into the limelight, with Cooper’s electric form in taking the Irish and All England singles titles plus the All England mixed being the standout performance of the year. However, Wilfred Baddeley’s third Wimbledon title and Blanche Hillyard’s resurgent end of year form served notice to the newcomers that their place at the top table was not yet secure.

In America, new champions were crowned, both of whom had previously come close to such successes. There was though no dominant player in either the men’s or ladies’ game on that side of the Atlantic, perhaps with the exception of the visiting Pim and Mahony.

Of rule changes there was little concrete, committees continuing to look into net cords and how to handicap the serving team in doubles.

The decline of tennis’s popularity is a narrative that fills so many newspaper columns that it has become a blindly accepted part of tennis history. The pre-eminence of Wimbledon in this era may explain this, the small fields and poor crowds at Worple Road and other metropolitan tournaments in England being extrapolated for the purposes of editorials as supposed evidence of the death of the sport.

However, the attendance and number of entries at provincial tournaments continue to grow steeply, a fact that never seems to be reported in these editorials…

However, it cannot be denied that there are victims of the decline in interest in tennis in London. Some tournaments fall by the wayside, though their slots in the calendar are immediately snapped up by another event. The most notable casualty, though, appears to be Pastime.

The primary reference text for all things tennis from June 1883 onwards goes to the wall at the end of 1895.


Thankfully, as we will see, there is only a six month hiatus before a phoenix rises from the ashes at Paternoster Square. But that’s all ahead of us in 1896. Back in a bit.
 
With the faintest flickering of light starting to appear at the end of this tunnel, we turn the page of the calendar to 1896.

This year, in tennis terms, is the 1991 or 2001 of the 1890s insofar as the British and Irish game is concerned. There is a changing of the guard going on, the old players starting to fade (with one Irish and one be-gloved exception) while the new generation is on the cusp of greatness. It’s all up for grabs.

With all due respect to such luminaries as Chattie Cooper, Blanche Hillyard, Louisa Martin, Wilfred Baddeley, Harold Mahony and Bob Wrenn, this year belongs to one player.

Billy Larned takes a tennis road trip around the main events of the European season, drawing the crowds and putting on a hell of a show. His rollercoaster ride game continues once he’s safely back on home shores. Always exciting, often frustrating, never predictable, Larned is the shot in the arm that tennis needs in 1896.

Aside from Larned’s exploits, measures are taken by Wimbledon to stop its slide into the red. The new policies bear fruit in terms of entry numbers (if not quality) but two familiar names end up on the singles trophies. It’s a similar state of affairs in the men’s game in the US, with the powers of one of our long-time heroes having been eroded with his adoption of a Benedictine lifestyle. The ladies’ game over the Atlantic remains a frustrating example of unfulfilled potential.

Among all of this, we have some rules and regulations, some umpiring firsts, the unfortunate passing of one of our 1880s acquaintances and, somewhere out of sight and mind, the small matter of an Olympic tennis competition.

First, though, to the patents.
 
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In January, the tried and tested formula of popping strips of rubber into the handle is dusted off once again. This time it is the proposal of one Henry Crawford, a cricket bat manufacturer of West Ham.


The intention is to reduce jarring and maybe to strengthen the handle. We have seen a variation on this theme before but, as @Sanglier has advised, the subject matter only needs to be a hair’s breadth outside the scope of an existing patent to be registrable.

On the same subject, there is this apparatus for applying ultra-tight rubber grips to racket handles. The existence of this proposal seems to suggest that rubber tube grips had a tendency to slacken off and unwind over time.

 
We continue on the theme of inserting an interleaving strip of material within the structure of the racket.

In February, a Mr Levi patents a design that involves a longitudinal incision along the length of the handle and the insertion in the cut of strips of rubber-backed aluminium.

Again, perhaps this prevented jarring while making the whole bat/racket/whatever a bit more headlight?


Two of the prolific Trimmings clan (they have already featured numerous times in the 19th century racket patent books) come up with something much more elaborate in June.

Their design requires a cut in the two sides of the racket head, charting pretty much the course of the stringing channel on modern rackets. This incision would allow the insertion of another frame of “hard fibre, horn, vulcanite, or the like”. This inserted frame would project into the interior of the racket face and allow for stringing through that structure instead of through the wood.


Here is a more fulsome description of the design.

 
Finally, what is a year without a Slazenger patent?

This one is registered in the name of Albert Slazenger, Ralph’s younger brother and co-founder of the Slazenger empire. It’s for making wedges in two sections, with the grain of the wood in the two sections being perpendicular to each other.


Just a brief sidetrack but, while casting the net widely for references to Slazenger over the 1890s, I stumbled across one M. Slazenger-Moss (or Slazenger M. Moss as the second attachment below incorrectly has it). I presume there must be some connection with our Slazenger clan here but the wild card here is that this Slazenger-Moss lives in New York City and is a Private in Company G of the 22nd Regiment of the National Guard there.

He is 4th from the left in the back row of this 1892 photo - at this point he is a Color Sergeant.


Frank Slazenger would have set up the family’s outpost in New York around this time. If they were related, perhaps this new Slazenger came out with him or was part of the New York operation?

Lest it be forgotten, the 22nd Regiment’s drill hall was used for tennis around this time - perhaps enlistment of Slazenger-Moss in the National Guard is just an elaborate Ethan Hunt-style plan to get a man in on the inside?

http://tt.tennis-warehouse.com/index.php?threads/really-ancient-history.246089/post-18589040
 
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Very curious invention from the Trimmings brothers. So they believed that drilling little holes in the racquet to receive strings weakened the frame, but halving it down the coronal plane didn't? The heterogeneous middle frame that they GLUED in between the wooden halves was somehow a stronger link than the wooden fibers that once seamlessly connected the two halves? Maybe warpage was indeed reduced through this construction, as the three layers of the sandwich now worked against each other in their individual movement, but I have a hard time imagining that the skinny middle frame would be able to better withstand string tension than the conventional layout, where the load is distributed over a much wider area of the frame, or that delamination wouldn't have become an issue at some point.

This is a conceptual precursor to some of the twin-tube designs of the composite era however, where the string holes are wedged in between the tubes rather than drilled through the tubes. However, even some of those composite designs had issues with the strings cutting their way through the weak junction between the tubes (e.g., the early Fox grommetless frames), something that the Trimmings design probably had to struggle with as well, depending on the material they used.

Cool find on that Slazenger excursion! I guess those rank chevrons were made to be seen by the commanders from miles away, through dust clouds and black powder smoke, without the aid of field glasses. :)
 
Cool find on that Slazenger excursion! I guess those rank chevrons were made to be seen by the commanders from miles away, through dust clouds and black powder smoke, without the aid of field glasses. :)
I genuinely did think at first that Google Maps had put pins down on the two guys on the left.
 
The Slazenger family member(s) in New York aren’t just spending their time playing soldiers.
Little Frankie Slazenger is promoting the firm’s rackets in the US journal “Amateur Athlete”, bandying around the names of their more illustrious customers. In a sign of the times, this isn’t a list of royalty and nobility like the ones that French & Co unrolled in their 1870s ads. Instead, Frank’s royal family is Pim, Mahoney (sic), Larned, Wrenn, Fisher (sic again - he means EP Fischer) and Baddeley.


Now, it’s worth looking at this list in a little detail and not just in bewilderment at the typos.

We know that Pim and Mahony are wielders of the EGM, so no surprise there. I think this is the first time that there is any detail about future Wall Street bombing prognosticator Fischer’s choice of racket. Fischer is one of those rarae aves - a covered court specialist. Good job he thrives indoors, because the poor thing spends much of his later life cooped up in an asylum.

Wrenn though is an unexpected name. Unlike 90+% of his fellow US tennis players, Bob apparently eschews the Wright & Ditson in favour of the Slazenger. Whether this claim is entirely reliable is debatable, given the final name on the list.
 
The name “Baddeley” is appended to the list of “champions”.

Now, one thing about Wilfred Baddeley of which we can be sure is that he does not use a Slazenger racket for any of his “major” triumphs. The Slazenger ad for Wimbledon, Irish and Scottish men’s singles championship wins below has two glaring gaps. Non-Slazenger rackets were used to win the 1895 Wimbledon and (spoilers ahoy cap’n) the 1896 Irish.


So, while Baddeley might have test driven the Slazenger at some point and I suppose may have used one of their sticks for a Brighton or Eastbourne win, it’s a bit of a cheeky claim here by Frank. That said, is it really that much out of character for the 19th century Slazenger advertising machine?

The list of names is to be construed by reference to the “and other champions” phrase. Despite not being the natural construction to the Victorian subscriber to OLTB or Pastime, the phrase is clearly intended to include winners of more than just the national men’s singles championships (US, English, Irish) - none of Mahony, Larned or Fischer has yet captured national singles laurels.

So, when it comes to interpreting this Baddeley reference, we could paraphrase Yoda and pronounce “There is another”.

This could be a veiled reference to Herbert Baddeley, at this stage 3-time Wimbledon doubles champion. But, then again, wouldn’t the sporting press have seized upon the brothers’ different rackets as the one way to tell them apart? No, I think this is just Slazenger trying to pull a fast one on the unsuspecting US tennis public.

The Slazenger New York operation runs out of 19 East 15th Street, which as you may recall from the above, is the current location of the Clinton School.
 
The UK arm of Slazenger & Sons is also pursuing an expansionist policy. In October, they announce with a half-page ad’s worth of fanfare that their London premises are on the move.


And what a seismic move it is. They uproot themselves from 56 Cannon Street and head to the address with which they should forever be associated - Laurence Pountney Hill.

This is 56 Cannon Street, pretty much where the Pret now stands:


If you were to stroll up Cannon Street past the station (the building with the cyberpunk lattice exoskeleton you can see on the right about 100m past the Pret), you’ll come to Laurence Pountney Hill just next to the Halifax bank. Pop down there, go past the curious twin doors of nos 1&2, and you get to this little courtyard beside a graveyard and an exceedingly old house (7a Laurence Pountney Hill - it’s at 5 o’clock, behind the tree).


Annoyingly, I can’t work out exactly which building housed the Slazenger HQ.

The key takeaway from this little stroll around Cannon Street is that any Slazenger racket that has “Laurence Pountney Hill” stencilled on the shaft dates from no earlier than October 1896.
 
Another manufacturer to up sticks in 1896 is the Stradivarius of lawn tennis, Thomas Tate. With the expiry of his lease at 104 Great Portland Street, the old master moves his workshop over the summer to 18 Princes Street.



John Holden is not going anywhere after his recent move to Upper Baker Street - maybe he likes being closer to the swans in the Regent’s Park boating lake?


One casualty of the competitive tennis equipment market is Anderson, Anderson & Anderson Ltd. This company was briefly a bit of a player in the late 1880s but by 1896 appears to have gravitated back to its rubber fetish…

This is their premises, now long since the victim of the Luftwaffe or, equally architecturally short-sighted, urban development schemes. Only the remains of St Augustine Watling Street remain, now part of the adjoining St Paul’s Cathedral School.


The shop would have stood on the spot of the phone box on the left of the streetview below.

 
Plenty of other manufacturers are still fighting the good fight, though.

Feltham are still turning out the dual-ply “Climax” racket, its prolonged production run suggesting that the British tennis public love a laminated arrangement (as later underlined by the 50-year run of the “Maxply”).

This is the 1896 model:


The racket has taken on the orthodox modern design by this time. Contrast the 1882 original:


A couple of minor things - the 1896 ad no longer blusters about the patent protection attaching to the “Climax”. This may have expired by this point, I suppose. Also, the name under the Feltham banner at the top of the ad might ring some bells. One Edward Joseph Altman was the Feltham witness eviscerated by Kekewich J in his ruling in the Slazenger-Feltham fishtail/grooved handle patent infringement case of 1888. I rather suspect that Albert may have been a relation.

http://tt.tennis-warehouse.com/index.php?threads/really-ancient-history.246089/post-18056898

As with many of the other early racket factories around the City of London, Feltham’s premises are long gone, now being an entrance to the Brutalist Barbican Centre. The tennis courts of the City of London School for Girls now lie behind this structure, occupying what would have been Feltham’s back office and providing a fitting connection with the past.

 
The usual suspects are still churning out their rackets, though they are definitely spending less on advertising than even 5 years before. I haven’t found much by way of racket ads at all from this year.

Ayres are still selling their “FH Ayres Special”, a solid, well-made frame disappointingly free of any floating wedges, mercury-filled handles, novel stringing patterns or the other flights of fancy we’ve seen over the years.


George Bussey doesn’t even advertise a specific racket, choosing instead to hedge his bets and proclaim the breadth of his offering in this notice. He has been using this marketing campaign for a year or two and it’s probably the classic Bussey ad.


The tennis player featured is almost certainly modelled on Herbert Lawford, with the signature knickerbockers and the old-school backhand technique with the forehand grip, the projected elbow and the racket dropped below a high wrist.

Staying with Streetview, this HSBC glass place is where Bussey’s City showroom once stood - 56 Cannon Street is right on the other side of the building behind us. Previously Bussey was a wholesaler only, with agents in the City (Benetfink) and West End, but he seems to have moved into the retail sphere by 1896.

 
If you walked up the lane to the left side of HSBC and then turned onto Cheapside in the direction of St Paul’s, you’d find yourself within a minute or two at the workshop of the Deverell Brothers. The flag-bearer of their tennis line remains the “Durable”, which they make on the premises and guarantee for an entire season - hence why each frame is dated.


We have seen one or two ads for Williams & Co of Paris over the past few years. But 1896 brings the first notice from the new Gallic firm of Mass & Co. It does not mince ses mots.


As noted before, I strongly suspect that the “Mass” in the name refers to Armand Masson, father of French tennis and co-founder of the Tennis Club de Paris of Auteuil. This is their base of operations in 1896:

 
Over in India, black gut rackets seem to be all the rage. Perhaps the gut was of a different composition or subject to a different manufacturing process, making it more resistant to humidity and heat?


At Eroom & Co of Calcutta, the main brands are Gardiner (all the way from Hoddesdon), J. Salter and Gray’s (of Cambridge real tennis fame). The racket pictured is the Gardiner’s “Conqueror”.

Colchester’s Salter has been knocking about the racket scene since at least 1884, the first ad I found from him appearing the same month as the first Slazenger ad.

http://tt.tennis-warehouse.com/index.php?threads/really-ancient-history.246089/post-17848119

He later released the A1 and B1 rackets, one of which was used by Bertha Steedman, repeat winner of the All England Ladies’ Doubles title with Blanche Hillyard.

Eroom & CO’s premises now house an iPhone screen repair joint.

 
Meanwhile up in the Punjab, the Punjab Sports Works have adopted a policy of differentiating themselves from their competitors in Sialkot, then as now the local superpower for sports equipment manufacturing.


The PSW sell the racket pictured in the ad, a hammer-handled slugger named the “Shamrock”. They can also supply “Champion” (ie regular), “Demon” (ie fishtail” or “Triple” (the Ayres triple handled design) handled rackets. They stock Ayres’s “Central Strung” and “Union” (with its dual-ply construction) frames.

One reference that leaves me scratching my head is their claim to stock “yellow bats”. Maybe that’s the colour of the wood? But if these yellow bats are imported then wouldn’t they look like any other ash, unless they are varnished to high heaven? They can’t surely be domestically produced as the homegrown Sialkot rackets I have and have seen are all of the darkest of dark woods.

Enjoyably, the ad puts the boot in on the PSW’s rivals - the PSW stock “must not be confounded with common Sialkot rubbish”!
 
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I haven’t found much from Wright & Ditson this year - the copy of their annual guide that I have is too poorly rendered to rip pictures of the rackets off.

However the Spalding guide does its stablemate a favour with this ad for the “Sears Special”. George Wright doesn’t miss a trick in boasting that Hovey won the 1895 US National men’s singles with this model - if Slazenger’s ad above is correct, then this returns the US title to a domestic manufacturer after a couple of years of Wrenn victories (presumably with the EGM).


Oh by the way, there’s nothing new in the design of this old reliable - it’s still the same squarish head shape, chequered handle and the logo with the three waves and dots.
 
What was particularly exasperating about the lack of a usable Wright & Ditson guide for 1896 was that I was pretty sure that they launch the ground-breaking “Pim” racket in 1896. This frame commemorates the good Doctor’s visit to West Newton the previous year and is a facsimile of the racket he used there.

Slazenger’s thoughts on W&D essentially churning out EGMs commission-free are sadly unknown.

The below are from the 1897 W&D guide, being a letter from Pim to George Wright allowing them to use his name on the racket (note: in the US and Canada only - perhaps Ralph had got wind of this) and a picture of the famous long-headed stick itself.



It is clear from the bumf above the letter that this racket is used by players in 1896 - however I don’t know for sure if it was available to the public this year.

Incidentally, a similar approach is used by George Wright when he proposes to May Sutton in 1907 to name a racket after her. Sutton agrees and even sends Wright her championship-winning racket, a Slazenger “Doherty”. Wright’s repurposed “Doherty” is branded as the “Sutton Star” and is used by a number of leading US players, the most prominent being Richard N. Williams 2nd. After the USNTA’s ban on rackets with player names, it becomes the more mundane “Gold Star”.
 
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I have had better luck with Spalding’s 1896 offering. At the top of the line and retailing at $8, we have the no.13 model, “The Spalding”. This frame is of the familiar “Sears Special” shape. However it has a rosewood wedge through which a strip of cane extends.


Models 8, 9, 11 and 12 (who knows what has happened to model 10?) all carry the “Slocum” name. The cork handle design is still in play in the shape of the model 9C. The more interesting model is the pictured “Slocum Oval”, with its oval oak baseball bat handle. Must have been about 900 points headlight.


The regulars are all in evidence at the more price-conscious end of the range - its not clear which rackets are being depicted but you’d imagine it’s the top three (the “Lakeside”, “Greenwood” and “Geneva”) rather than the real entry level rubbish of the “Favorite” and the “Practice”. It’s worth noting that the “Geneva” is a little shorter than the usual 27” so presumably cut down by half an inch or an inch.

 
In the early 1890s, Spalding and the Overman Wheel Company were as thick as thieves, Spalding being the exclusive distributor of Overman’s bicycles.

By 1896, though, these erstwhile bedfellows have had a terrible falling out, with writs flying to and fro claiming thousands of dollars.

Overman resolves to take Spalding on across the spectrum of sporting goods, expanding its product line to include all the usual suspects, tennis being one.

Rather predictably, this plays out somewhat like an all-out attack on Australia early in a game of Risk. Despite pushing out some quality rackets and balls (an amusing ad for the latter upcoming in 1898), by the end of the 90s Overman are no more. Victor survives but we will get back to them in part 2 of this.

Anyway, this exhibition is part of Overman’s publicity campaign for its Victor tennis line in 1896.

 
Overman are not the only US manufacturer not having things their own way. In 1896, Wright & Ditson stage the first of many tiffs between US tennis manufacturers and the US customs and excise authorities.


Essentially, this is a question of whether tennis ball covering is felt or cloth, as the former is subject to a lower import duty than the latter. Wright & Ditson have imported this covering from origins unknown and have been shocked to discover that the duty levied is 50c ad valorem - they were expecting 45c ad valorem.

This is the Treasury decision on the matter and it goes against the Boston firm. The ruling Board finds that the covering is commonly known as cloth, not felt, and that it is not “felt in fact”.

Maybe this decision prompts tennis ball manufacturers to up the felt content of their balls and to stop referring to the covering as cloth, in order to secure the lower rate of duty?

Also, this poses questions about the W&D supply chain for their balls - remember, they supply the official ball for USNLTA tournaments this year and had their knuckles rapped only two years previous for the quality of their product. The uncovered rubber ball itself comes from Harburg and it would appear from the above that the covering is also imported. So, other than the finishing work, are any parts of the ball manufacturing process conducted in the US itself?
 
Now that we’ve got our mugs of Drinquelle tea, it’s time to settle in for what will hopefully be less of a slog than the first half of the 1890s. Admittedly, this is because the amount of material that I could find for this year is appreciably more meagre.

Pastime is dormant for the front half of the year, though it does publish some retrospective reports once the new management throw open the doors of “Lawn Tennis” in June.

The first thing to note about 1896 is that, in the UK at least, it is another bone-dry year, tournaments enjoying or (if you are the resident groundsman) enduring drought conditions almost throughout the season until the death, when the wheels properly come off at Brighton and Eastbourne.

As we saw back in 1894, sun-baked courts are a minefield for baseliners, while playing into the hands of the more inveterate serve and volleyers of the game. And this maxim turns out to hold just as true in 1896.
 
We start though with the laws of the game. You might remember that two items have been occupying the legislative sub-committees of the LTA around this time. These comprise the treatment of a net-cord during a rally and whether anything should be done to handicap the serving pair at doubles.

The net-cord issue is a troublesome one and is not put to bed in 1896. There seemed to be a head of steam building to do something about this shot at the previous AGM (on the basis that it there is a general Victorian dislike of fluky shots) but the pressure was released upon a lack of consensus over whether a net-cord should restart the rally from the first serve or the same serve which commenced the rally.

This is back on the agenda at the LTA’s annual meeting on 22 January 1896. The committee appointed to look into the issue recommend no change be made to the laws.

Meers and Mahony get to their feet to raise their concerns over the existing net-cord law, promptly supported by the champion Wilfred Baddeley. EGM, as would be expected, has some supporting evidence for his claims that the status quo is unsatisfactory.

However, by the looks of things, Meers, Mahony and Baddeley don’t actually support changing the laws of the game which rather undermines their position. Their vague “down with this sort of thing” proposition is rejected for now. It is only Eaves’s Australian letter and a trial of the restarting proposal at Maidstone (and somewhere else that escapes me) in 1903 that reveal the weight of opinion against this change.


A similar outcome is reached upon the presentation of the report of the committee looking at serving in doubles. The committee had asked all the major clubs in the country to test the various handicapping proposals they had previously floated and to report their results. In a story as old as time (or at least tennis), the clubs and their members saw no reason to waste their time with this and so no results were communicated to the committee. The matter is dropped, no change being recommended.

In the spirit of tying up loose ends, the representatives pass a resolution that formally strips the MCC of any vestiges of their old decision-making authority in respect of the game.
 
Other backstage machinations are afoot down Worple Road. These are less to do with the fundamentals of the game and rather more to do with reversing the Championships’ slide into the red in 1895.

The club introduces the “All England Plate” competition as part of its slate of events, which is to be competed for by losers in the first and second rounds of the men’s singles. It also announces that no competition entry fees will be charged for its members (men and women) and one representative from other big clubs. Sneakily, the entry fees are waived on the condition that anyone who qualifies for the Plate event has to play that competition- and pay the entry fees for it.

The club tinkers with the dates of the meeting, including moving the start of the doubles and ladies’ singles to days 2 and 3 respectively of the men’s singles. The ticket prices are also to be reworked, upping the cost from the second day onwards, reflecting the earlier start of the other events.

But what catches everyone’s eye is the reintroduction of croquet to the lawns of the All England Club.


As it turns out, Fred Ayres sorts the croquet players out with all of the accoutrements for the game other than the mallets, which are to be provided by the enthusiasts of the 1870s craze.

In his “Forty Years of First Class Lawn Tennis”, George Hillyard pokes a little fun at the returning “season visitors” (as the croquet players were classed by the club) but thanks them for helping ends to be met.


If I remember correctly from a discussion in the Wimbledon Library, Harry Barlow’s wife (Harry Grove’s sister) was one such “season visitor”.

In any event, these tactics work in turning around the fortunes of the club, as you can see from the profit and loss ledger below.

 
Harry Barlow’s wife may not be playing as much croquet as she had planned, her brother having passed away on 6 February after a lengthy illness.


A gloriously flashy player with a Northern Championships title among his accolades, Grove was a serial underachiever at Wimbledon and was beatable by garden party players when off his game.

Chipp remembers him fondly in his 1898 “Lawn Tennis Recollections”:

 
I don’t have anything on tennis Down Under on in the sub-continent early in 1896 so the first balls we see hit are in Paris.

The Tennis Club de Paris holds the second official French Championship in early April, following the November meeting of 1895.

This event marks the genesis of Armand Masson’s Pied Piper legend among British and Irish tennis players and journalists. The congenial host leads the clueless visitors on nightly whirligig tours around the best restaurants Paris has to offer, a Bacchanalian spree that becomes an Easter fixture in the calendar by the end of the following decade.

Masson and his partners have stumped up some cash to have the two indoor courts relaid at the TCdP. A good field appears at Auteuil to test them out. Goodbody, the Europhiles George Simond, JM Flavelle and RB Hough, the French champion André Vacherot, Brosselin, Aymé, Schoppfer and Decugus Snr are all in the mix. There are no ladies’ events, though not for want of trying - Masson’s daughter for one would have been chomping at the bit for some decent competition.

The stand-out player in the field is of course Manliffe Goodbody, who wins the singles without the loss of a set, beating the defending champion 1&1 in the semis and Simond in the final. The Irishman thereby becomes the second winner of the (official) French championships. He follows this up with a win in the first class handicap.

Another name to note is that of the 15-year old Marcel Vacherot in the second-class handicap. Young Marcel wins that event and is badged by The Field as one to watch, a wise observation.
 
While we are on the subject of nascent tennis in Paris, the “Paris Sportif” publishes this amusant study of the game at the Ile de Puteaux Tennis Club, penned by its resident social commenter and satirist, Crafty.


For those philistines among us who are not sufficiently versed in the mysteries of the French tongue (or at the very least haven’t spent enough time on Duolingo), this very roughly translates (please blame me for all transcription errors, not Google Translate) as:

“The game of tennis, so to speak abandoned in France, has returned to us from England, simplified and made accessible to all.

Under its new name of lawn tennis, it no longer requires the construction of expensive buildings; all it needs is a sufficiently level ground so that the balls bounce on it without being influenced by causes other than the movement made by the players.

Once this earthwork is done, maintenance is inexpensive, and the costs incurred by the purchase of a net, a few rackets, a few dozen balls, and a limited number of sandals without heels, do not constitute expenses likely to request a ban, especially since the association allows the amount of contributions to be divided indefinitely and ends up reducing the financial contribution of each player to very little. This applies to bourgeois lawn tennis, played in the family, in a good-natured way, and with no other concern than to give young people a healthy and at the same time economical exercise.

The vacant lots surrounding the Bois de Boulogne, surrounded by fences and along the recently opened avenues, awaiting inevitable added value, are ideal for such an installation. A wooden shack covered with tar paper, to which skilled workers can inexpensively give a touch of Parisian chic, completes the setup and serves as a shelter, in case of an unexpected downpour, for a change of clothes and their owners.

Some young people, scattered throughout the world and regular guests at many homes, have adopted this method to return the favor, and when the good weather arrives, in turn offer an almost rustic hospitality to the more comfortably installed guests who have received them during the winter.

This ingenious way of paying off past and future hosts gives them the privilege of receiving, without any cause for criticism, the young girls who have seemed agreeable to them as dancers, allows them to study them, once the ball season is over, from another angle, to know them better and to deepen the study of their character that they began in cotillion.

I know well that mothers are always there, ensuring that their daughters do not let the unsavory underside of their natures show too much; just as they strictly forbid excessively violent movements that might reveal physical imperfections that it is preferable to conceal until it is no longer possible to hide them. They know how to avoid opportunities for them to show how easily their amiability turns sour, their good humor turns grumbling, and their deference to themselves turns to the most characteristic impertinence; all dangerous revelations regarding people likely to become marriage candidates, and who base their hope for their future tranquility on the equality of character of the companion called upon to share their daily life.

It was this discrepancy between the girl's declared leanings and the young woman's actual tastes that prompted Gavarni to say, through a seemingly astonished husband: "What stinks like that? But it's the same tobacco you found smelling so good at your mother's!!!"

Tennis doesn't always have matrimonial tendencies.

Alongside family tennis, there is social tennis, which often destroys what the former has built.

It naturally needs a more elegant facility, and it is also to the association that it falls to meeting the essential expenses. Hence the founding of special clubs, such as the Racing Club, whose only fault is that, due to the lack of a fence, it is exposed to the gaze of all the curious visitors of the Bois.

I know that the playing fields are quite far from the confines of the reserved enclosure, but it is no less unpleasant to show, even from a distance, to an audience that is mostly ill-disposed towards leisure-goers, the spectacle of one's clumsiness, and to hear, even muted by the distance, the bursts of laughter provoked by some blunder of which you are the author.

The ideal circle does exist, however.

Besides being very private, and far from being as close as you can get to a mill, those who have free access are obliged to make a real journey; but for the privileged members of both sexes, distance doesn't exist, and with a good team, the journey that separates Paris, especially the elegant Paris that now borders the Bois de Boulogne, from the island of Puteaux, doesn't constitute a significant waste of time, and besides, the walk it requires is absolutely pleasant.

Along with an incomparable location, the Puteaux club had the incredible luck of finding an exceptional organizer, a spoiled child of the living world, immersed in all its pleasures, and retaining, despite the already long practice that could have jaded him, a youthful ardor and the activity of a beginner. [Note: Crafty refers here to the Vicomte Léon de Janzé]

When one passionately pursues a well-defined goal, it is rare that one fails to achieve it, and that is what happened this time again.

The success is complete, so complete that the envy that attaches to anything that succeeds in an overly undeniable way had to content itself, in order to disturb the triumphant's joy, with seeking a derogatory nickname for him: current events have provided it, and, with the help of a deplorable approximation, they have nicknamed him the Puteauxmane; all things considered, the consonance alone is disagreeable, for the term means nothing, or, if it does mean something, it is undeniably that the personage so irreverently designated plays his island with exceptional virtuosity, and that is the pure truth.

This island is charming, shady and cool, and so dense that one would not suspect the proximity of the horrible industrial agglomeration whose name it bears. The method used to reach it was reminiscent of the embarkation for Cythera, and there was no shortage of models for Watteau to immortalize it. Unfortunately, Watteau failed to do so, and before it could happen, there was time to build a bridge.

Civilization marches on.

This allows the boat to be replaced by the bicycle or any other mode of locomotion commonly used on land.

For playing tennis, there is nothing better; for flirting, it is perhaps even superior.
Everyone whose beauty, grace, or elegance merits the celebration of these eminent qualities with a more or less disinterested cult meets there daily, and anyone who considers the fairer sex to be most successful from a visual point of view is sure to meet the most brilliant representatives of the opposite sex.

It is a permanent garden party, which has the undeniable advantage over those organized on a fixed day of allowing you to choose the temperature that seems favorable to you, and does not impose on you the obligation to go and play outdoors in pouring rain, scorching sun, or a north wind as icy as it is persistent, depending on the barometer's omnipotent good pleasure.

By consulting this far-sighted instrument, instead of relying on the imbecilic calendar which systematically ignores the temperature reserved for the days it indicates, without providing any explanation to those who consult it, one manages to avoid the bad weather which turns the most skillfully planned pleasure parties into chores, and endangers even the existence of the slaves of the fixed-date invitation. We go out in our best clothes to have lunch, and we come back with pleurisy!

Club meetings have the advantage over formal social gatherings of eliminating the need for a specific date. This is an undeniable advantage, and when, as is the case in Puteaux, the club is composed of people from the same world, we find all the charm of private gatherings stripped of all their drawbacks.

This is the great convenience of everyday life.

Some solemn occasions, however, require the setting of a date, as elsewhere: this is when it involves an important match prompted by the arrival of a foreign team, or the visit of distinguished players from England and elsewhere specifically to compete against the French champions.

Very exceptionally, the club offers the hospitality of its courtyards to similar, less comfortably established societies when they have to provide a test of particular interest. Thus, last June, the challenge launched by the London club Winchester House, and accepted by the Union of French Athletic Sports Societies, was contested on the island of Puteaux.
Six players from each team took part in the match played there.

In such circumstances, members of the society abandon their habits of calm and intimacy. Invitations are issued and all sails are set alight: lunch, illuminations, a ball, a full party is held, and the result is that people who were invited "just this once" have the fixed idea of doing it again and apply for permanent membership. There are examples, few in number, but all the more flattering, of admissions taking place under these conditions.”
 
Good grief, that was a long post - apologies. A quick aside - the Winchester House club is subsumed into the South Hampstead Cricket and Lawn Tennis Club early in 1896. Although it does have a tennis section, its courts located pretty much on the current site of the Alexandra Road estate (where Eggsy lived in Kingsman), the Winchester House tennis players go their own way and join the North Kensington LTC.


With 21 grass courts on St Quintin Avenue, the players are not short of practice facilities. Among their number are Ernest Lewis, George Simond and George Caridia. The return fixture between these players and the Paris is abandoned due to unforeseen circumstances. Their home ground is now the Kensington Memorial Park.

Anyway, indoor tennis is the focus in the northern hemisphere at this point in 1896, unless you were lucky enough to live on the Côte d’Azur or Florida.

There’s some exhibition matches at the Winter Tennis Club in Newton Centre featuring Fred Hovey, Malcolm Chace and Arthur Foote.

The main events though are held on the East and West indoor courts at the Queen’s Club.

The fast wooden surface is a harbinger of the conditions to come over the outdoors season, making this the ideal early season practice for the serve-and-volley brigade. Mahony and Eaves are two of the three most accomplished proponents of this style of play and they duly meet in the All Comers’ Final. Harold is nursing a leg strain which hampers his usual net bound charge. Eaves drops a set but ultimately takes the win.
 
The third member of this forecourt triumvirate is 6-time Covered Courts champion, holder and newly enrolled North Kensington LTC member, Ernest Wool Lewis. He awaits Eaves in the Challenge Round.

The match is quite the rollercoaster, a treat for the crammed galleries. After squeezing through the first set, Lewis turns on the afterburners. He takes the second set 6-1 and assumes a commanding position in the third. Three championship points come and go as the Australian doctor edges his way back into the contest, taking the set 8-6.

To the delight of the crowd, the fourth set goes the way of the same man and we are into a decider. Lewis appears to have tired of indulging his rival’s game and races to a 5-1 lead. However Eaves comes again and claws his way back to 5-5. It is his last hurrah, though, as Lewis makes short work of the next two games for his 7th championship win.

In the ladies’ singles, it is yet another ding-dong encounter between Edith Austin and the holder Chattie Cooper. Cooper’s hitting is a little wild whereas Austin seems to have settled into form early this year. The latter regains her crown, winning in three sets.

The doubles is a triumph for the holders, Eaves and Charles Martin, who resist the challenge of the Riseley brothers. The latter sprang an upset earlier in the event against ex-champions Mahony (aka “J. May” aka “Waller”) and Eaves.
 
The outdoors circuit begins earlier in the US than in the Old World. The Southern Championships are held in mid-May at the Bachelors’ Club outside Washington DC and are won by J. Parmly Paret.

Other than the New England Championship, which is won at the end of May by Arthur Foote, the first serious tournament in the north-east is the Middle States Championships at the Orange LTC.

This being the event that Billy Larned dominates even more than (in due course) Newport, it is surprising that he is a no-show in the challenge round, handing the default win to Clarence Hobart. Hobart, it is worth mentioning, beat Bob Wrenn in the ACF without the loss of a set.

So where is Larned?

Paret sheds some light on this question.


The rumours are swirling that Larned, Malcolm Chace, Arthur Foote and possibly even Bob Wrenn are going on an expedition to challenge for the Wimbledon and other crowns.

And it turns out the rumours are true, or at least partially. The US tourists in 1896 will be Larned and Foote, Chace and Wrenn electing to stay at home.


Paret holds Larned in high regard and rates his chances, especially in comparison with Ollie Campbell’s tour. Campbell takes a bit of a hammering here, which is awfully unfair given that his S&V game finally came good in Exmouth in the one week of the summer when it didn’t tip it down.
 
The Germanic, part of the White Star line, shuttles between New York and Liverpool and was to be called back into service on this route after the Titanic’s fateful accident.

Having left New York on 13 May, Larned would have put into the Liverpool docks around a week later. He then would have had a window of three or four days to make the short crossing to Dublin’s North Wall Quay. These docks are only a short hop away from Fitzwilliam Square, where Larned intends to do battle for the Irish Championship.

A photo of the competitors is taken at the outset of the week.


I’ll do my best to pick out some of the players in the photo, desperately trying to recall all the Pastime bios we’ve seen.

Back row (left to right): unknown; Charles Martin; Horace Chapman; Harold Nisbet; Reggie Doherty; William Larned; Harold Mahony. Worth noting that Larned and Mahony are thick as thieves - I suspect this tour of Larned’s may have been concocted by these two.

Second row from the back: an Allen twin (Roy or Charlie, who knows); unknown x 3; big jump across to Eaves with the straw boater, villain’s moustache and bow tie; unknown; George Ball-Greene; a Baddeley twin (Wilfred? Herbert? My guess is the latter); unknown.

Third row from the back: unknown x 6 (sorry!); an Allen twin (see above); unknown x 2 (what a beard on the second chap though); Frank Stoker; Manliffe Goodbody; unknown.

Seated on chairs: unknown x 2 (is the second lady wearing a veil?); a Baddeley twin (Wilfred? Herbert?); Chattie Cooper; it’s only William bloody Renshaw; Louisa Martin; unknown x 4; Helen Jackson; unknown.

Adopting the primary school assembly position: Charles Chaytor; the Master himself, Colonel Courtenay.
 
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The women are generally in light or white dresses or blouses, though the biggest hitters, Cooper and Martin, notably both go for darker hues all over. Their hats are uniformly of the boater design, with ribbons around them that can be coordinated with their ties (see in particular the natty arrangement on the lady 4th from the right).

Helen Jackson has gone in for leg-of-mutton sleeves with shoulder bolstering that Sauron would have thought overly showy.

The men are not in their tennis kit, one hopes (waistcoats would be of little benefit unless you could tuck a ball into the pockets). Again, the straw boater is pretty popular, though the bowler hat is perched on a few crania, including Larned’s.
 
The weather is stunning for the whole week of the meeting, the crowds further swollen by the Ireland-England international fixture that is held in parallel to the tournament on the first two days.

After what sounds like a great deal of persuasion, Pim agrees to join the Irish team to try to plug the gaps created by the absent Chaytors, Tommy and Grainger. As soon as Pim signs on to play, Frank Stoker, the Goose to Pim’s Maverick, also sticks his hand up.

Here’s the Irish team pictured in Fitzwilliam Square.


There is also a photo of both teams together. The digitalisation is regrettably of negligible quality, though, the indistinct rendering possibly appropriate given that it was published in a journal called “Black and White”.


In terms of the front row, it goes: unknown; a Baddeley (probably Herbert); William Renshaw (don’t want to fat shame but he is looking a little less svelte than at his peak); the other Baddeley (they would probably stick Wilf up front); Pim; Mahony with the racket; Goodbody; and Stoker.

I can’t make out any of the back row except Martin second from the right. The other players are: (for Ireland) Ball-Greene; and (for England) Wilberforce Eaves; George Hillyard; and EW Lewis.

The courts are ready for battle to commence.

 
For the past 4 years, the home team had always won this fixture. Unfortunately, the loss of Tommy Chaytor and the rustiness of Pim and Chaytor contribute to a bit of a drubbing for the Irish team in 1896.

Mahony is the only home player to win a singles match (against Eaves), though Goodbody blows a 5-1 lead in the 5th set of a marathon against Lewis. Pim cannot even get a set of Wilfred Baddeley, being badly off his game. There’s even a win for William Renshaw in the singles, downing Stoker in short order.

The doubles are more competitive, with the famous firm of Pim and Stoker winning two out of three of their matches, only being bested by the Baddeleys. The latter pair go undefeated, with Lewis and Hillyard supporting them by also winning two out of three matches.

In the end England cruise home by 10 matches to 5.
 
Good job translating that crafty Crafty essay! :) I was curious how you were going to deal with those few anglicisms like "prendre un lunch". When English speakers insert gallicisms into their speech or writings, it's often with the opposite intent of what their francophone counterparts have in mind when doing the reverse. Such nuance is difficult or impossible to convey during direct translations.

I also wonder how that Drinquelle tea was "scientifically blended".

The origin story of the discovery of tea by westerners in China, as it is still told in China, is that some Dutch merchants went to a tea producer wanting to try out the drink that they had heard so much about, but the seller had run out of the quality tea leaves he had in stock, and only had the moldy remnants that he was going to use as compost, which he reluctantly sold to the unsuspecting foreigners as they would not leave him alone. To his shock and surprise, these foreign devils soon came back, not to wring his neck, but to demand more of that magical black stuff. The story might be apocryphal, but it is widely believed to be true in China, because while westerners favor black tea, the Chinese continue to consider green the only proper color for teas that are meant for human consumption.
 
Good job translating that crafty Crafty essay! :) I was curious how you were going to deal with those few anglicisms like "prendre un lunch". When English speakers insert gallicisms into their speech or writings, it's often with the opposite intent of what their francophone counterparts have in mind when doing the reverse. Such nuance is difficult or impossible to convey during direct translations.
I have Google Translate to thank for that piece of work - my French is shockingly poor, much to my chagrin.

That’s a fascinating story about the history of “western” tea! I also like the apocryphal one about the invention of tea bags, where an early 20th century American merchant packed his tea for shipping to England in little silk bags for safekeeping. The customers over the other side of pond thought that this was a new infusion method and dropped the tea, bag and all, into the pot. Hey presto, teabags are a thing.

It does slightly ignore that a patent for teabags was registered in the US the year before, mind…
 
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