In theory, the Extra Duty version of that brand of ball will have a slightly thicker rubber core wall and a heavier duty version of the felt. The idea is that the ball will last a little longer on Hard courts.
Some people believe the Extra Duty versions are a little harder and heavier as a result. I really can't tell that big of a difference in feel (I actually prefer a slightly heavy ball), but I have noticed that the Extra Duty versions seem to keep their bounce a little longer.