Hmm, new to this thread, and noticed some discussion of the post by r2473. I also was going to post a reply to the thread from scratch, but r24's post covers almost everything, so I'll just comment on it. Here's my thoughts in the context of adding size, for someone who is moderately experienced (not a new lifter):
1) Lift as heavy of weight as you can lift for 5 to 8 good reps.
I'd say 6 to 12, especially at the higher end for new lifters. That said, the body doesn't really notice the difference of a few reps anyways. I'm always comfortable seeing someone lift a slightly lighter weight a few more times.
1a) Beat your last workout EVERYTIME (i.e. add reps or more weight; try to add weight to the bar as often as you can).
Can't agree. I'd say regularly, but not every time. Lifting to almost failure is important, but beating your last every time just isn't realistic. Some days you'll feel great and smash a barrier, some days you'll feel crap and settle for a rep or two under last time, just for the sake of maintenance. Still, it is a good goal I suppose.
2) Two sets per exercise (for most exercises); 8-12 sets total per workout
Sure, 2 hard sets... no problem with that. 3 may be better for some, 2-3 is the magic number. Super-setting 2 sets of opposing exercises can allow for a very efficient workout (agonist / antagonist pairings, like bench and seated row, etc).
3) Lift 3 times per week for no more than 45 minutes per session
Depends on the person, the time available, the experience, and the goals.
4) Eat lots
5) Do compound exercises (squats, deadlift, shoulder press, bench press, etc).
6) Rest lots
Solid, solid advice, ignored by many. Especially on the eat lots - far more important to eat lots than it is to obsess about protein.
7) Take a full week rest every 8 weeks
As mentioned above, I'd prefer to see people take a recovery week every 4th week - active recovery where you dial it back to the levels you were doing in week 1 or 2, and then progress again from week 3 in the 1st week of the next block of 4. This is a very cut down reference to 'periodisation', which one can read a lot about if interested, and I'd encourage anyone lifting seriously to read a lot about!