Focus on education!
Hey young man,
Second this recommendation: focus on your education before tennis.
Just a few thoughts from an older guy who has been involved in this great game for almost 40 yrs (yikes!)
Cannot tell you how many great players I know (junior/college/pro) who didn't "finish" their educations and are now "paying" for it. Injuries, burnout, the "unexpected" (I got into a major car accident while in college which left me a mess for a few years) all can and do happen.
Your education will open more doors than your tennis resume alone (have friends who were ranked in the top 200 ATP but can't get a decent job on their own=no college degree
Regarding skill development and training, tennis requires high repetition to develop instinctive skills necessary for success so at your age you probably need to hit the ball every day (my thought) at least for a few minutes to maintain timing (15-20 minutes against the backboard).
Along with skill development, work on becoming a "better athlete". I was extremely fortunate to have been involved with a great junior tennis training program patterned after the Harry Hopman Australian physical regime.
Today you need to be self motivated, however, there are a ton of programs such as the P90 X for strength and injury prevention, jump rope and short/long distance running to build stamina. The other option is to get into an academy or junior development program in your area. There is no substitute for live practice play to improve on your weaknesses and develop new strengths.
Competitive tennis is very time consuming but also work in other interests such as music (guitar, keyboard etc), art, basketball (complimentary sport), charitable giving, baseball, surfing, snowboarding, kite flying, girls
and other areas to make "you" more interesting."
The quality of your question tells me you are bright, intelligent and will make the right decisions...hope this helps...all the best !
Okay, first things first... Focus on education. Being a great tennis player will definitely help get you into a great college. But unless you are planning on becoming a professional tennis player (I sure hope not) or a teaching pro then you need to get a good education.
Now to your questions.
So I would say take 1 to 2 days off a week. So if you were to play on a non-tournament weekend take something like. Tuesday, and Friday off. One day to focus on school work if you have a lot on a certain day regularly then take that day, and then Friday's because of the social aspect of life. And on a tournament weekend take a day like Wednesday off. A day in the middle of the week so you can still be ready but are fresh. If it's a two weekend tournament then take Monday off. And maybe a Thursday off.
Each day I would say train 1.5-2.5 hours a day on court, if possible. And then workout/cross-train for 1 hour 3-4 times a week.
As for long breaks, I've never been a fan. If your family takes a vacation then that is the obvious perfect time to take a break, but other then that rain gives me the best amount of time off during the winter. Summer though, I take a about 4 days off maybe once or twice.
The weekends that you aren't playing a tournament I would say play about 4-5 hours if you want to and train for an hour- 1.5 hours.
As for tournaments, since the USTA is only taking your top 6 national tournaments this year there would be no need to play any more then 14-16 (my opinion). The section tournaments still get you national points. So if you play all 4 L1's 6 section tournaments, 2-3 L2's-L3's seems like the perfect amount to me.
Hope I helped, if you have any other questions feel free to ask.