Hi guys!
I’ve been reading up on these forums for about a year but had nothing to contribute, until now! I want to try something, but I need your help.
When I started playing again I almost became obsessed with customizing. Love how simple things change your game. Last year I got a nasty case of wrist tendonitis and TE so I’ve been thinking about reducing the possibility of it returning. I've allready bought a Fischer Magnetic Tour SL but i want to try and make my old frames more suitable.
I’ve been reading up on a lot of articles and apparently foam filled rackets damp a lot of unwanted vibrations. These claims are supported by research found in the patent US 4983242:
The idea is simple. You fill the racket with polyurethane and it damps, right? Such an undertaking could ruin the frame. Lucky I’ve found some old frames in our garage which might be suitable for experimenting. First of all I’ve found a beautiful old Fischer Vacuum Pro 98 (blue metallic). Sadly though, my dad tried the bounce test when he lost so it’s cracked. Luckily this is perfect for our experiment. I can fill it up with PU foam and saw it in half to check if the foam reaches all desires places. Got an old junior frame I hated so I’m going to enjoy cutting that one up. All tough that may sound fun, little bit more research is needed before I ruin everything.
I’ve found some threads on TT, but nothing really concrete turned up. I’ve found Anirut solution which is interesting. Sadly though, no progress has been made.
I then looked at the racquet companies who fill their rackets with foam. First of all I looked at Donnay but nothing interesting came up. Then I looked at Angell and I found this:
This gave me two ideas. First, medium density foam is used:
Medium density foam tends to fall between the high 1.8 lbs/ft3 range to just under a 3lb/ft3 range. It is a closed-cell foam.
It may be referred to as an H series foam with appropriate numbers denoting its firmness, such as H21 (soft), H30 (medium) and H45 (firm). If it encounters everyday use the lifespan for the foam is typically 4 to 6 years.
Second, it’s based on polyurethane. Now I can narrow my search. I first thought of Foam spray cans. This looked perfect, but I don’t think it would work because the polyurethane expands to fast. Then I found a thread about guys repairing their wakeboards with PU foam. They just mix it themselves and inject it using syringes and it cures a lot slower. I thought I needed a little more research.
I quickly found a patent, US 4340226, which explains a lot. Here are some parts interesting parts:
I then looked up how to mix PU and how long it would take to foam:
My thoughts:
1. The creator uses two kinds of PU foam because they construct the racket head & throat in one piece and later mold the handle using PU, therefore needing a denser and harder PU foam. This is not relevant because I don’t want to make a handle as an integral part of the core.
2. Medium Density PU foam is between 1.8 lbs/ft3 to just under a 3lb/ft3 which equals 0,0288g/cc to 0,0481g/cc. This correlates with the data in the patent US 4340226. H35 should be perfect.
3. The volume of the racket should be calculated. This can be down by filling the racket with water and emptying it in a measuring cup. This will also clear the inside of any dirt which could interfere with the PU foam. Water can influence the PU mixture. But It could be cured by drying with a hair dryer and then placing it in a rice bag.
4. The PU needs to be poured into 1 shaft so air can escape. I don’t know if the rise time will influence the dispersion of the foam inside the frame. I assume we need foam with a slow rise time, so every drop can reach between the grommets. The video’s I’ve seen lead me to believe that I won’t have much time once it’s mixed. Within 20 seconds it has already doubled in size. Apparently it only stays liquid for 45 seconds. I will not have much time to pour.
5. The balance can be corrected by drilling in the PU in the handle and inserting lead. I don’t know if silicon will bind to the PU.
6. I need to at least try it. It could be great for people with chronic tendon issues who are on a low budget, or for people who like to experiment.
All help is welcome. If anybody wants to help or, know someone like a professional/chemist who would be willing to help, that would be much apreciated.
Thank you for reading my long post.
I’ve been reading up on these forums for about a year but had nothing to contribute, until now! I want to try something, but I need your help.
When I started playing again I almost became obsessed with customizing. Love how simple things change your game. Last year I got a nasty case of wrist tendonitis and TE so I’ve been thinking about reducing the possibility of it returning. I've allready bought a Fischer Magnetic Tour SL but i want to try and make my old frames more suitable.
I’ve been reading up on a lot of articles and apparently foam filled rackets damp a lot of unwanted vibrations. These claims are supported by research found in the patent US 4983242:
‘[00038] A tennis racket frame made in accordance with the present invention was tested against a Prince graphite Series 110 tennis racket for vibration dampening characteristics. The control sample racket frame had an all graphite tubular shell with a nominal wall thickness of 0.065" and included a foam core. The sandwich construction test racket frame was a hollow tubular configuration, without a foam core, made in the same mold as the
control sample frame’
‘[00039] Each racket was, sequentially, placed in a test rig and clamped at the top of the tail section (50 cm from the tip). An accelerometer was placed on the tip. Vibration was initiated by directing a tennis ball at the center of the strings. The vibration amplitude and frequencies of each racket were measured on an Ono Sokki CF300 portable FFT analyzer.’
‘[00040] FIGS. 5a and 5b show the vibration amplitudes over time for the two rackets. As indicated in the charts in FIGS. 5a and 5b, after a period of 0.4 seconds, the ratio of vibration in the sandwich construction racket was 0.206 of the original vibration, whereas the vibration in the control racket was 0.509. Thus, a racket construction in accordance with the invention dampened vibration twice as well as in the control racket.’
The idea is simple. You fill the racket with polyurethane and it damps, right? Such an undertaking could ruin the frame. Lucky I’ve found some old frames in our garage which might be suitable for experimenting. First of all I’ve found a beautiful old Fischer Vacuum Pro 98 (blue metallic). Sadly though, my dad tried the bounce test when he lost so it’s cracked. Luckily this is perfect for our experiment. I can fill it up with PU foam and saw it in half to check if the foam reaches all desires places. Got an old junior frame I hated so I’m going to enjoy cutting that one up. All tough that may sound fun, little bit more research is needed before I ruin everything.
I’ve found some threads on TT, but nothing really concrete turned up. I’ve found Anirut solution which is interesting. Sadly though, no progress has been made.
I then looked at the racquet companies who fill their rackets with foam. First of all I looked at Donnay but nothing interesting came up. Then I looked at Angell and I found this:
MD Foam Core
Every frame is filled with mid density PU foam, suppressing vibration and helping to control our tight manufacturing tolerances by internally controling weight distribution.
This gave me two ideas. First, medium density foam is used:
Medium density foam tends to fall between the high 1.8 lbs/ft3 range to just under a 3lb/ft3 range. It is a closed-cell foam.
It may be referred to as an H series foam with appropriate numbers denoting its firmness, such as H21 (soft), H30 (medium) and H45 (firm). If it encounters everyday use the lifespan for the foam is typically 4 to 6 years.
Second, it’s based on polyurethane. Now I can narrow my search. I first thought of Foam spray cans. This looked perfect, but I don’t think it would work because the polyurethane expands to fast. Then I found a thread about guys repairing their wakeboards with PU foam. They just mix it themselves and inject it using syringes and it cures a lot slower. I thought I needed a little more research.
I quickly found a patent, US 4340226, which explains a lot. Here are some parts interesting parts:
‘A hollow injection moulded thermoplastics games racket frame comprising a head (21) and a shaft (20), the head (21) having integrally-formed internal supports (25) containing the stringing holes (23) and the moulding being polyurethane foam-filled. The foam filling is provided in two parts, a lighter filling (32) for the head and a denser filling (33) for the shaft.’
‘[00010] The head filling may be of flexible or rigid polyurethane foam (the latter being preferred) and may extend, if desired, partway along the shaft up to a limit of the commencement of the handle portion of the shaft.’
‘[00011] The invention provides a convenient and advantageous way of obtaining racket frames having particular weight and balance properties. Thus it will be appreciated that the use of two foam fillings of different densities enables racket frames to be fabricated having a relatively wide range of balance characteristics at any given weight.’
‘[00012] It may be found convenient to use the same polyurethane foam formulatIon for the head filling and for the shaft filling. The required difference in final foam density can then be readily achieved by an appropriate calculation based on the weight of foam precursors used and the volume to be filled.’
‘[00013] Preferred polyurethane foams to be used in the invention are obtained from the reaction of a diisocyanate, e.g. methylene diisocyanate or tolylene diisocyanate, with a polyol, e.g. propylene glycol. The desired densities of the final foam fillings may be achieved, for example, by using quantities of precursors that would give a lighter than desired density if allowed to rise freely rather than being constrained within the volume of the hollow moulded frame. Thus, for example, the foam used for the head filling may have a free-rise density of 0.03 to 0.04 g/c.c. and the foam used for the shaft filling may have a free-rise density of 0.20 to 0.22 g/c.c. By accurate metering of the precursors and by constraining the foam, as it is generated, within certain volumetric limits it is possible to achieve substantially uniform foam quality without significant voids.’
I then looked up how to mix PU and how long it would take to foam:
1. Set the temperature in the area you are working in to roughly 75 degrees F. Leave the foam and mold in the room for at least 24 hours to allow them to take on the ambient temperature. If the floor is not insulated, keep the mold on a work table off of the floor.
2. Measure the "A" and "B" ratios exactly, according to the ratios listed on the containers. Most soft foam combines at a ratio of 28:72. Most rigid foam combines at a one to one ratio. Measure the ratios with a scale to within one gram of accuracy. Over- or under-mixing will interfere with the foam's ability to cure.
3. Mix the polyurethane quickly and thoroughly. Set a timer. You have around 45 seconds to mix before the foam starts to expand. Mix the foam in its mixing container for 25 seconds. For the best results, use a drill mixer set to high speed. You will then have roughly 20 seconds to pour the polyurethane into the mold. If you do not mix thoroughly and pour quickly, the foam may not cure or expand properly.
4. Mix the liquid in the mold after you pour it, within the 45-second mix time described in Step 3. Stop stirring when the 45 seconds are up.
5. Allow the foam ample time to cure. The foam will expand for roughly five minutes. It will need another 15 minutes to cure and fully harden. If the temperature is lower than 75 degrees F., the cure time will be longer. Allow the foam to cure for as long as 30 minutes if temperatures are around 65 degrees F.
http://www.ehow.com/how_10054995_cure-polyurethane-foam.html
My thoughts:
1. The creator uses two kinds of PU foam because they construct the racket head & throat in one piece and later mold the handle using PU, therefore needing a denser and harder PU foam. This is not relevant because I don’t want to make a handle as an integral part of the core.
2. Medium Density PU foam is between 1.8 lbs/ft3 to just under a 3lb/ft3 which equals 0,0288g/cc to 0,0481g/cc. This correlates with the data in the patent US 4340226. H35 should be perfect.
3. The volume of the racket should be calculated. This can be down by filling the racket with water and emptying it in a measuring cup. This will also clear the inside of any dirt which could interfere with the PU foam. Water can influence the PU mixture. But It could be cured by drying with a hair dryer and then placing it in a rice bag.
4. The PU needs to be poured into 1 shaft so air can escape. I don’t know if the rise time will influence the dispersion of the foam inside the frame. I assume we need foam with a slow rise time, so every drop can reach between the grommets. The video’s I’ve seen lead me to believe that I won’t have much time once it’s mixed. Within 20 seconds it has already doubled in size. Apparently it only stays liquid for 45 seconds. I will not have much time to pour.
5. The balance can be corrected by drilling in the PU in the handle and inserting lead. I don’t know if silicon will bind to the PU.
6. I need to at least try it. It could be great for people with chronic tendon issues who are on a low budget, or for people who like to experiment.
All help is welcome. If anybody wants to help or, know someone like a professional/chemist who would be willing to help, that would be much apreciated.
Thank you for reading my long post.