Closing racket face slightly when hitting ball early/on-the-rise?

Mike A

New User
Hi Folks, quick question and comment on something I've noticed, have not seen discussed (or maybe, just missed). There are good discussions on hitting groundstrokes with increased topspin by slightly closing the racket face, see e.g. https://tt.tennis-warehouse.com/index.php?threads/contact-point-and-racket-face-by-forehand.655185/ and the nice discussion at https://tennisspeedresearch.blogspot.com/2011/05/roadmap-to-hall-of-fame-forehand-part-1.html

Something I've noticed, that is related but different, is the racket-face position when you're hitting the ball on-the-rise (early), versus at top-of-bounce or below. I find this especially true when hitting against a high-topspin ball, when taking it on the rise.

Maybe this is obvious to everyone, but (for example) if you're hitting against someone who is putting a lot of topspin on the ball, I find that the position of your racket face (vertical or a bit closed) needs to change slightly (bit more closed), depending on whether you're hitting the ball "early" (on the rise), or later (standing back, or say way back). I find the same thing on half volleys, you often need to tilt the racket head forward (racket face closed), otherwise the ball pops up after you've hit it.

Anyone else do this? I've not seen it discussed, find it helpful to keep in mind when taking balls early.

A little further explanation: Say you're standing on/near the baseline, and here comes a looping topspin drive, landing a few feet in front of the baseline. I tend to shorten my swing and take these early -- both forehand and backhand. As the ball rebounds off the surface, it is "jumping up" -- a "normal" or near-vertical-face racket face (or, slightly closed) racket face (how you'd hit such ball at the top of its bounce) will often send the ball high/long on your return. For such shots, I believe the ball is rising at a decent angle (it dipped down due to topspin, and is now jumping up on the bounce). Given this steeper after-bounce rise (for the topspin shot), when it meets my racket face, I find the ball can rebound at an angle (upwards) off a "vertical" racket face, giving the ball additional upwards trajectory, hence going long on the return. So, I mentally try to close the racket face a tiny bit (more), when hitting such balls, on the rise. Generally, same thing for half volleys, otherwise your half-volley tends to "pop up".

As I recall, in the 80s and 90s, we did this -- think more people hit the ball on-the-rise back then, against the Bjorn Borg types -- and we called it getting "on top of the ball". If someone was spraying forehands long when taking the ball early against a topspin base-liner, we'd say he was not getting "on top of the ball", which basically meant that person needed to hit "over" the ball a bit, with a slightly closed racket face.

Anyway, with all the discussion on "closing the racket face" to generate topspin, I thought I would have encountered a discussion on this -- purposely closing the racket face a bit when hitting the ball on the rise, especially when hitting against high-topspin balls.

Any thoughts? All comments welcome.
 

Mike A

New User
Look at where your shot goes.
If it goes high and deep, close face.
Agreed. This is more of a proactive tip -- if you're taking the ball early, you probably want to close the face a bit, otherwise your return may go "high and deep". Think it just comes from experience, doing this automatically.
 

socallefty

G.O.A.T.
If the contact point with the ball is low (like when you hit on the rise), it is easy to start the swing low and put a nice low-high vertical swing on the ball to clear the net. So, you can afford to close your racquet face more to generate spin and still clear the net - in fact I think we close the face more to drive through the low ball more and get decent depth. On balls with a higher contact point, you have to be more careful that if you close the face too much, the ball doesn’t go into the net - so, if you want to hit high balls with a closed face, you have to work harder on getting the low-high vertical swing to finish high enough to clear the net and get good depth as you still need some forward drive on the ball - this is where a windshield wiper finish potentially helps. I also think the ATP style take back makes it easier to hit with a slightly closed racquet face at contact as you are already starting your swing with a somewhat closed racquet face.
 
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nyta2

Hall of Fame
Hi Folks, quick question and comment on something I've noticed, have not seen discussed (or maybe, just missed). There are good discussions on hitting groundstrokes with increased topspin by slightly closing the racket face, see e.g. https://tt.tennis-warehouse.com/index.php?threads/contact-point-and-racket-face-by-forehand.655185/ and the nice discussion at https://tennisspeedresearch.blogspot.com/2011/05/roadmap-to-hall-of-fame-forehand-part-1.html

Something I've noticed, that is related but different, is the racket-face position when you're hitting the ball on-the-rise (early), versus at top-of-bounce or below. I find this especially true when hitting against a high-topspin ball, when taking it on the rise.

Maybe this is obvious to everyone, but (for example) if you're hitting against someone who is putting a lot of topspin on the ball, I find that the position of your racket face (vertical or a bit closed) needs to change slightly (bit more closed), depending on whether you're hitting the ball "early" (on the rise), or later (standing back, or say way back). I find the same thing on half volleys, you often need to tilt the racket head forward (racket face closed), otherwise the ball pops up after you've hit it.

Anyone else do this? I've not seen it discussed, find it helpful to keep in mind when taking balls early.

A little further explanation: Say you're standing on/near the baseline, and here comes a looping topspin drive, landing a few feet in front of the baseline. I tend to shorten my swing and take these early -- both forehand and backhand. As the ball rebounds off the surface, it is "jumping up" -- a "normal" or near-vertical-face racket face (or, slightly closed) racket face (how you'd hit such ball at the top of its bounce) will often send the ball high/long on your return. For such shots, I believe the ball is rising at a decent angle (it dipped down due to topspin, and is now jumping up on the bounce). Given this steeper after-bounce rise (for the topspin shot), when it meets my racket face, I find the ball can rebound at an angle (upwards) off a "vertical" racket face, giving the ball additional upwards trajectory, hence going long on the return. So, I mentally try to close the racket face a tiny bit (more), when hitting such balls, on the rise. Generally, same thing for half volleys, otherwise your half-volley tends to "pop up".

As I recall, in the 80s and 90s, we did this -- think more people hit the ball on-the-rise back then, against the Bjorn Borg types -- and we called it getting "on top of the ball". If someone was spraying forehands long when taking the ball early against a topspin base-liner, we'd say he was not getting "on top of the ball", which basically meant that person needed to hit "over" the ball a bit, with a slightly closed racket face.

Anyway, with all the discussion on "closing the racket face" to generate topspin, I thought I would have encountered a discussion on this -- purposely closing the racket face a bit when hitting the ball on the rise, especially when hitting against high-topspin balls.

Any thoughts? All comments welcome.
random thoughts:
my mental model... the term "closed" is always relative to the path of the incoming ball... but relative the ground, sometimes you might need to "open" the face (extreme case i think of is hitting a topspin lob off a high ball that is descending vertically (ie. a lob))... then you'll need to adjust based on the spin (topspin off your face tends to go up - so you need to close more; underspin off your face tends to go down - so you need to close less)
your swing angle may effect how open/close the face *feels* on contact (in your hand, etc..)

best one-liner tip i always remember/repeat was from the james jensen video series...

"if it goes into the net, get under the ball more, if it goes long, close your face more"... and adjust accordingly in between, which practically speaking helps me much more in playing better.
 

Mike A

New User
random thoughts:
my mental model... the term "closed" is always relative to the path of the incoming ball... but relative the ground, sometimes you might need to "open" the face (extreme case i think of is hitting a topspin lob off a high ball that is descending vertically (ie. a lob))... then you'll need to adjust based on the spin (topspin off your face tends to go up - so you need to close more; underspin off your face tends to go down - so you need to close less)
your swing angle may effect how open/close the face *feels* on contact (in your hand, etc..)
Agreed. Relative-to-ground versus relative-to-ball path certainly makes a difference, as you describe.

I noticed the effect I described above recently, very explicitly, when I was hitting against a person who was hitting the "same" shot (topspin drives), but they alternately fell short and deep. So, on the short ones, I would be hitting the ball on-the-fall (as ball was heading toward second bounce), and on the deep shots, hitting the ball on-the-rise. In both cases I was probably taking a waist-high swing (my standard swing), but the deep balls I was hitting (on the rise) kept going long. And, this kind of jogged my mind, to get "on top of the ball" for the deep, on-the-rise ones, whereas the shorter balls I could take more of a vertical/tiny-bit-open-face swing (as the ball was descending).

Anyway, these are pretty basic observations, but kind of clarified (and, recalled) things for me. And your comments above, align.

Thanks
 

xFullCourtTenniSx

Hall of Fame
It's just simple physics of relative motion. The ball is much more receptive to the topspin from your swing depending on where it is in it's trajectory in addition to how closed your racket face is. If you use a neutral face on a ball near the bounce, you need to have a large vertical velocity component on your swing to generate topspin on your shot, otherwise it'll be a (relatively) flat or even a sliced shot, even if you swung low to high. There's a youtube video and probably even a TWU article about it.

It's the same reason/concept that most serves will usually have some (usually small) topspin component because the toss is falling when you hit it. The ball doesn't know it's falling towards the racket, it just sees itself as stationary as the racket comes up to it.
 

eah123

Professional
I don’t think any adjustment in racquet face is conscious if it is off the bounce. Probably just muscle memory from practicing. But I think it does occur. What I think about with off the bounce is that the shot is more of a block, so generally not going to return high and heavy. So thinking about hitting lower over the net, naturally the racquet face will be more closed.
 
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